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{"id":324550,"date":"2024-08-21T21:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T18:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/?p=324550"},"modified":"2024-08-21T21:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-08-21T18:25:42","slug":"orman-yanginlarina-karsi-butuncul-onlemler-sorumluluk-ve-hazirlik-sart","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/orman-yanginlarina-karsi-butuncul-onlemler-sorumluluk-ve-hazirlik-sart\/","title":{"rendered":"Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl \u00d6nlemler: Sorumluluk ve Haz\u0131rl\u0131k \u015eart"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130brahim Orta\u015f,<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7.\u00dc. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, iortas@cu.edu.tr<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131, top y\u00fck\u00fcn sorumluluk almak tabii yetkili organlar \u00f6nceki risk durumuna uygun haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmal\u0131. Yoksa her y\u0131l ayn\u0131 sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131r durur.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin Akdeniz ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda meydana gelen orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131na ve zaman zaman insan \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden olmaktad\u0131r. Son yang\u0131nlarda baz\u0131 mahalleler yanm\u0131\u015f, bir\u00e7ok insan evini kaybetmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca yang\u0131nlar, do\u011faya beklenenden \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck zararlar vermekte, atmosfere sal\u0131nan sera gazlar\u0131 ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fin yok olmas\u0131 insan\u0131n vicdan\u0131n\u0131 derinden yaralamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgenin co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi yaz aylar\u0131nda 40\u00b0C’nin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Ancak, resmi kay\u0131tlarda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, bir \u00e7ok orman yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n kundaklama sonucu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ektir. B\u00f6lgenin turizm alan\u0131 olmas\u0131, yaz\u0131n tatilcilerin, piknik\u00e7ilerin ve arsa rant\u0131 pe\u015finde olan ki\u015filerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, insan fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn bu olaylarda ne kadar etkili oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. Bas\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a yer bulan kundaklama olaylar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndaki ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebep, yang\u0131n sonucu zarar g\u00f6ren alanlar\u0131n yeniden a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil; “nas\u0131l olsa yand\u0131” denilerek, bu alanlar\u0131n orman vasf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p konut alan\u0131, turizm ve madencilik faaliyetleri gibi ormanc\u0131l\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ama\u00e7larla \u00a0kullan\u0131ma a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr kundaklamalar, zaman zaman \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak mafyala\u015fm\u0131\u015f \u015febekelerin bile ilgisini \u00e7ekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, TMMOB Y\u00f6netimi\u2019nin \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda ya\u015fanan son orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bas\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131ndaki “Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in kamucu politikalara ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var” \u00f6nerisi son derece \u00f6nemlidir. B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla sebep-sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini analiz ederek soruna kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmu\u015flard\u0131r. TMMOB\u2019nin \u00f6nerilerine kat\u0131lmakla birlikte, \u00f6nlemler konusunda toplumun her kesiminin sorumluluk almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulamak istiyorum. \u00dclkemizde ve b\u00f6lgemizde orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 neredeyse bir yaz rutini haline gelmi\u015f durumda. Ancak 20 y\u0131l \u00f6nce g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz eksiklikler, yetki sorunlar\u0131 ve organizasyonsuzluklar maalesef hala devam ediyor. OGM ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00fclkemizin en iyi orman m\u00fchendislerinin yeti\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6nemli bir kurumuydu. Antalya\u2019da d\u00fczenledi\u011fimiz bir toplant\u0131da ziyaret etti\u011fimiz Antalya\u2019daki yang\u0131n e\u011fitim merkezi, g\u00f6zetme kuleleri ve \u00a0tesislerinde \u00e7ok yetkin ki\u015filerin anlat\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok etkilenmi\u015ftik. \u015eimdilerde o e\u011fitim tesisleri ve alt yap\u0131lar ne durumda bilmiyorum. Ancak bas\u0131na yans\u0131yan bilgiler, orman alanlar\u0131n, madencili\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00f6zele\u015ftirme ve yetkin olmayan ki\u015filer ile i\u015f tutulmas\u0131 yang\u0131nla m\u00fccadelede \u00f6nleyici \u00f6nlemler almay\u0131 sekteye u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve analitik y\u00f6ntemlerle yakla\u015fmak gerekiyor. Yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaz d\u00f6nemine uygun risk analizleri yap\u0131larak, afet y\u00f6netmelikleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde gerekli altyap\u0131, ekipman ve uzman personelin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Aksi takdirde, her y\u0131l ayn\u0131 yerde kendi etraf\u0131m\u0131zda d\u00f6n\u00fcp dururuz. Bu \u015fekilde devam edersek, b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar vermeye devam ederiz. Hepimize laz\u0131m olan oksijenin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, herkesin yang\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nlem almas\u0131 ve sorumluluk \u00fcstlenmesi gerekmektedir. Tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde artan yang\u0131nlar ile insan aktivitesi aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yang\u0131n verilerinden derlenen bilgiler \u00fczerinden Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, 1988-2023 y\u0131llar itibar\u0131 ile artan oranda yang\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 art\u0131yor ve bu arada geni\u015f miktarda alanlar art\u0131yor. Bu arada verilerden ortalama biyok\u00fctle analizi yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ciddi miktarda biok\u00fctle yanarak atmosfere sera gaz\u0131 olarak yans\u0131maktad\u0131r. Tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi T\u00fcrkiye’de orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde say\u0131ca artmas\u0131 ile toprak canl\u0131lar\u0131 ve di\u011fer biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik kaybolmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda Akdeniz\u2019den Egeye kadar ya\u015fanan yang\u0131nlar hem yanan alan miktar\u0131 hem de biok\u00fctle miktar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkat \u00e7ekici niteliktedir. Ekolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan yer hi\u00e7 girdi ile doldurulamayacak nitelikteki orman ekosisteminin bu geni\u015flikte yang\u0131nla ortadan kalmas\u0131 tam bir afet ve do\u011fal b\u00fct\u00e7e \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu ba\u011flamda Anayasan\u0131n 169 ve 170\u2019inci maddelerine uygun orman varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 g\u00f6revi yerine getirilmeli ve bu alanlar ama\u00e7 d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmadan yeniden ekolojik varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kavu\u015fturulmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle, yak\u0131lan orman arazilerinin konut alan\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kesinlikle yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tablo 1980-2023 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 ve yanan alanlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Y\u0131l<\/b><\/td>\n\n

Yanan Alan (ha)<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

Yang\u0131n Say\u0131s\u0131<\/b><\/td>\nTahmini Yanan Biyok\u00fctle Miktar\u0131 (ton)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1980<\/b><\/td>\n\n

13,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

1,190<\/td>\n\n

1,500,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1985<\/b><\/td>\n\n

16,500<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

1,870<\/td>\n\n

2,000,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1988<\/td>\n\n

\u00a018 210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a01 372<\/td>\n\n

2,145,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1990<\/td>\n\n

\u00a013 742<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a01 750<\/td>\n\n

2,200,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1995<\/td>\n\n

\u00a07 676<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a01 770<\/td>\n\n

2,100,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2000<\/td>\n\n

\u00a026 353<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a02 353<\/td>\n\n

2,000,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2005<\/td>\n\n

\u00a02 821<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a01 530<\/td>\n\n

2,800,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2010<\/td>\n\n

\u00a03 317<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a01 861<\/td>\n\n

1,900,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2015<\/td>\n\n

\u00a03 219<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a02 150<\/td>\n\n

3,000,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2020<\/td>\n\n

\u00a020 971<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a03 399<\/td>\n\n

2,600,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2021<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n\n

\u00a0139 503<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a02 793<\/span><\/b><\/td>\n\n

17,000,000<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2022<\/td>\n\n

\u00a012 799<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a02 160<\/td>\n\n

1,800,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

2023<\/td>\n\n

\u00a015 520<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a02 579<\/td>\n\n

2,800,000<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n elden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, vasf\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesi ve 2B t\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczenlemelerin yasa ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez olmas\u0131 sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ormanlar, ekolojik dengeyi sa\u011flayan ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini azaltmada en \u00f6nemli rol\u00fc oynayan unsurlard\u0131r. Ekosistemin biyolojik dengesinin korunmas\u0131, toprak erozyonunun \u00f6nlenmesi, ya\u011f\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tutulmas\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6lle\u015fmenin engellenmesi i\u00e7in orman varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Toplumlar\u0131n bu konuda ilkokuldan itibaren e\u011fitilerek bilin\u00e7lendirilmesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131nda, kamu ve toplum birlikte hareket etmelidir. Kamunun, mevcut orman yasas\u0131 ve birikimli bilgisi ile b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir orman koruma politikas\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu konuda daha sistematik bir bilin\u00e7 ve tutum sahibi olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, T\u00fcrkiye, \u0130spanya ve Yunanistan\u2019da son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fanan ve kentleri tehdit eden yang\u0131nlardan \u00e7\u0131kan bir di\u011fer ders, tek tek \u00fclkelerin bu t\u00fcr b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yunanistan’da ba\u015flayan yang\u0131nlar\u0131n Atina’n\u0131n tarihi yerlerine yakla\u015fmas\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 yard\u0131m talep edildi\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye’nin de ayn\u0131 anda acil u\u00e7ak ve helikoptere ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. T\u00fcrkiye’nin Yunanistan\u2019a bir u\u00e7ak ve helikopter g\u00f6ndermesi, iki \u00fclkenin dayan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Bu durum, ayn\u0131 anda bir\u00e7ok yerde ba\u015flayan yang\u0131nlar\u0131n s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclmesinde zorluk ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yetkililerin \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7aresiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ve benzeri durumlarda, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte plan ve programlar geli\u015ftirilmelidir. \u00dclkelerin toprak, bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc, co\u011frafi yap\u0131s\u0131 ve su kaynaklar\u0131 do\u011fru analiz edilerek ekolojik yap\u0131ya uygun \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele, b\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir bilgi, bilin\u00e7, fark\u0131ndal\u0131k ve tutum gerektirmektedir. Sorunun, insan\u0131n bilerek veya bilmeyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi faaliyetlerden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fiyle herkesin sorumlu davranmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn bu konudaki g\u00f6rev alan\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yetmemektedir. Ba\u015fta yerel y\u00f6netimler olmak \u00fczere, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, di\u011fer kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, orman k\u00f6yl\u00fcleri ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin de bu s\u00fcrece aktif bir \u015fekilde kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. T\u00fcm bu payda\u015flar aras\u0131nda koordinasyon sa\u011flanmal\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla hareket edilmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn sorumluluk alan\u0131nda olan ve insan kaynakl\u0131 yang\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcne odakl\u0131, liyakate dayal\u0131 bir yap\u0131lanma sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, yang\u0131n \u00f6nleme ve s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme konular\u0131nda mevzuat yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilerek g\u00fcncellenmeli, eksiklikler giderilmelidir. Gerekli denetim ve \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmal\u0131, her y\u00f6n\u00fcyle haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle yang\u0131nlar\u0131n aktif oldu\u011fu yaz aylar\u0131nda, piknik gibi etkinliklere k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar getirilmesi faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7 olarak, hepimizin oksijen kayna\u011f\u0131 olan ormanlar i\u00e7in topyek\u00fbn bir m\u00fccadele gerekiyor. Ba\u015fta ilgili ve yetkili birimlerin, yang\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi konusunda \u00e7ok \u00f6nceden gerekli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 yaparak donan\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmesiyle, bu felaketlerin kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130brahim Orta\u015f, \u00c7.\u00dc. Toprak Bilimi ve Bitki Besleme B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, iortas@cu.edu.tr Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nmas\u0131, top y\u00fck\u00fcn sorumluluk almak tabii yetkili organlar \u00f6nceki risk durumuna uygun haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmal\u0131. Yoksa her y\u0131l ayn\u0131 sorunlar ya\u015fan\u0131r durur. Son y\u0131llarda, \u00f6zellikle yaz aylar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye’nin Akdeniz ve Ege k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda meydana gelen orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, geni\u015f alanlar\u0131n yanmas\u0131na ve zaman …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":320517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-324550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=324550"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/324550\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/320517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=324550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=324550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=324550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}