Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the schema-and-structured-data-for-wp domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6114

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/functions.php:6114) in /home/swtdavut/public_html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1893
{"id":317819,"date":"2024-03-18T18:42:33","date_gmt":"2024-03-18T15:42:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/?p=317819"},"modified":"2024-03-20T22:24:10","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T19:24:10","slug":"hollandalilarin-sukran-borcu-olarak-urettikleri-ataturk-ve-istanbul-turu-lale-baharin-zarif-mujdecisi-askin-ve-romantizmin-semboludur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/hollandalilarin-sukran-borcu-olarak-urettikleri-ataturk-ve-istanbul-turu-lale-baharin-zarif-mujdecisi-askin-ve-romantizmin-semboludur\/","title":{"rendered":"HOLLANDALILAR\u2019IN, \u015e\u00dcKRAN BORCU OLARAK \u00dcRETT\u0130KLER\u0130 ATAT\u00dcRK VE \u0130STANBUL T\u00dcR\u00dc LALE, BAHARIN ZAR\u0130F M\u00dcJDEC\u0130S\u0130, A\u015eKIN VE ROMANT\u0130ZM\u0130N SEMBOL\u00dcD\u00dcR."},"content":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/www.ilhankaracay.com\/dunyamizdan-ahirete-goc-eden-unlu-dostlar-ile-anilarim-2\/<\/p>\n

\u0130lhan KARA\u00c7AY yazd\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizin bah\u00e7esine, soyu t\u00fckenmekte oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan \u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019nden 100 so\u011fan ekildi.
\n\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019ni daha \u00f6nce de \u0130stanbul\u2019da eken Hollanda b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isine, Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmi\u015fti
\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fczel \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi Keukenhof 21 Mart\u2019ta a\u00e7\u0131lacak 12 May\u0131s\u2019a kadar a\u00e7\u0131k kalacak.
\nLale\u2019yi Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran ve tam bir T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrk hayran\u0131 olan Busbecq\u2019in mezar\u0131n\u0131n bulunu\u015fu.
\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sizlere, lale \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi hakk\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli haberler sunaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu haberler i\u00e7indeki en son geli\u015fme, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nAma, lale hik\u00e2yelerine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, lale \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011finin, dilimize, k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcze, geleneklerimize ve tarihimize neler kazand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131ralamak istiyorum:
\nLale \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, genellikle g\u00fczellik, zarafet ve kibarl\u0131k sembol\u00fc olarak kabul edilir. \u00d6zellikle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de, lale \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir \u00f6neme sahiptir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda lale, zenginlik ve refah\u0131n simgesi haline gelmi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn, lale \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi \u00e7o\u011funlukla bahar\u0131n ve yeniden do\u011fu\u015fun simgesi olarak kabul edilir. Ayr\u0131ca, lale motifleri T\u00fcrk el sanatlar\u0131nda ve mimarisinde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\nLale, zarafetin ve g\u00fczelli\u011fin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u0130ncelikli yap\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli renkleriyle do\u011fan\u0131n estetik bir hediyesidir.
\nLale, bahar\u0131n geli\u015fini m\u00fcjdeleyen ilk \u00e7i\u00e7eklerden biridir. Topraklar\u0131n yeniden canlanmas\u0131n\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve tazeli\u011fini temsil eder.
\nLale, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7i\u00e7ektir ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 iklim ve ortamda yeti\u015febilir. Bu \u00f6zelli\u011fiyle direncin ve ya\u015fama sevincinin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr.
\nLale, a\u015fk\u0131n ve romantizmin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir sevdiklerine lale hediye etmek, derin duygular\u0131n ifadesi olarak kabul edilir.
\nT\u00fcrk k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde ve sanat\u0131nda lale, \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde lale motifleri, mimari, el sanatlar\u0131 ve edebiyatta s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nLale, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli renklerde ve t\u00fcrlerde bulunabilir. Bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, farkl\u0131 g\u00fczelliklerin ve benzersizliklerin bir ifadesidir.
\nYukar\u0131daki \u00f6zelliklerle, lale sadece bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir sembol ve insanl\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir metafordur.
\nLale devri \u015fairi Nedim, Ebusuud Efendi, Damat \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa, ve
\nIV Mehmet muhte\u015fem \u015fiirler yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\nSato\u011flu ise lale i\u00e7in, \u201cLale, T\u00fcrk ruhunun ve zevkinin sembol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Lale T\u00fcrk zerafetinin sembol\u00fcd\u00fcr, laleye harflerin cevahiri denilmi\u015ftir\u201d diye yazm\u0131\u015f.
\nHOLLANDA\u2019DA LALE
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n lale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019den kazanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, tarih\u00ee ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir ba\u011fa i\u015faret eder. Lale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131n 17\u2019nciy\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan Hollanda\u2019ya getirilmesi, Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n botanik ve ticaret alan\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm ya\u015famas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, Hollanda ve T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde tarihi bir ba\u011f ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir etkile\u015fim bulunmaktad\u0131r.
\nHollanda, bu tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ba\u011fa dayanarak T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 sayg\u0131 ve minnet duymal\u0131d\u0131r.
\nAyr\u0131ca, bu ili\u015fkileri bug\u00fcn de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermelidir.
\n\u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ticari, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve diplomatik ili\u015fkileri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, gelecekteki i\u015f birli\u011fi ve dostlu\u011fu art\u0131r\u0131r.
\nLale hakk\u0131nda yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum haberlerden \u00f6nce, bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce lahey b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizde ya\u015fanan bir geli\u015fmeyi sunaca\u011f\u0131m:
\nSOYU T\u00dcKEND\u0130\u011e\u0130 SANILAN E\u015eS\u0130Z \u201c\u0130STANBUL LALES\u0130\u201d LAHEY B\u00dcY\u00dcKEL\u00c7\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130\u2019N\u0130N BAH\u00c7ES\u0130NE 100 ADET EK\u0130LD\u0130.
\n16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun bah\u00e7elerinde yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanan lale, o zamandan beri diplomatik ili\u015fkileri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in benzersiz bir hediye olarak da kullan\u0131lmaktayd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye k\u00f6kenli laleler bu \u015fekilde 16\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019ya yay\u0131ld\u0131.
\nYapraklar\u0131 han\u00e7er gibi sivri, uzun, ince ve badem \u015fekilli \u201c\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u201d (Tulipa Acuminata) ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00f6zel lale t\u00fcr\u00fc, 18\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na kadar geli\u015fmeye ve \u00f6zel olarak yeti\u015ftirilmeye devam ediliyordu. De\u011fi\u015fik renk ve desenleriyle \u201cbenzersiz\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu lale t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neslinin t\u00fckendi\u011fi san\u0131l\u0131yordu.
\nT\u00fcrk-Hollandal\u0131 bir lale ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131, Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde ekilen nadir \u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019nin izini s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve \u00e7o\u011faltt\u0131. Bu lale t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc daha sonra tekrar T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fcreticilerle bulu\u015fturan ve anavatan\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye geri getirilmesine vesile olan, D\u00fcnya Lale Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 \u0130bo G\u00fclsen, elindeki bir miktar lale so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun 100\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle kendi anavatan\u0131 olan T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019ne arma\u011fan etmek istedi.
\nAnnesi Hollandal\u0131, babas\u0131 T\u00fcrk olan \u0130bo G\u00fclsen, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle elindeki son 100 lale so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131 B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i Sel\u00e7uk \u00dcnal ile birlikte Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi bah\u00e7esine dikti.
\nB\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7i \u00dcnal: \u201cYeniden can bulan ve olduk\u00e7a \u00f6zel bir t\u00fcr olan ger\u00e7ek \u0130stanbul lalesini B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizin bah\u00e7esinde g\u00f6rmenin mutlulu\u011funu ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.
\nBug\u00fcn yayg\u0131n olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7anak \u015feklindeki klasik laleden olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 bir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcye sahip olan ve \u00e7e\u015fitli tasvirlerini, seramikten tekstile, \u015fiirden minyat\u00fcre bir \u00e7ok geleneksel eserde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u2018\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019 bug\u00fcn B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimiz bah\u00e7esine ekildi.\u201d dedikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle devam etti:
\n\u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015funun 100. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc vesilesiyle dikilen \u0130stanbul Laleleri, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti ve Hollanda Kraliyeti aras\u0131ndaki Dostluk Anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131n\u0131n 100\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kutlanaca\u011f\u0131 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7arak B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizin bah\u00e7esini s\u00fcsleyecek. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fun simgesi olan lalelerin, T\u00fcrk-Hollanda dostlu\u011funun buradan sonsuzlu\u011fa kadar devam\u0131na \u015fahitlik edece\u011fine eminim. \u0130bo G\u00fclsen\u2019in \u0130stanbul Lale\u2019sini hem lalenin anavatan\u0131na hem kendi ailesinin baba vatan\u0131na kavu\u015fturmas\u0131 bizleri duyguland\u0131rd\u0131. D\u00fcnya Lale Derne\u011fi Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Say\u0131n \u0130bo G\u00fcl\u015fen\u2019in bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceli jesti i\u00e7in \u015f\u00fckranlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 sunuyoruz. Say\u0131n G\u00fclsen laleyi, lalenin anavatan\u0131na d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmekle kalmad\u0131, hem ana hem baba vatan\u0131na sembolik, ama \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131da bulundu.\u201d
\n\u2018\u0130STANBUL LALES\u0130\u2019 \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 \u0130STANBUL\u2019DAK\u0130 GEL\u0130\u015eME:
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stanbul Ba\u015fkonsolosu Bart van Bolthuis, orijinal \u2018\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019ni Hollanda\u2019dan getirerek \u0130stanbul Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019na hediye etti.
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fi\u2019nde g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin \u00f6nemini ortaya sermek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck u\u011fra\u015f veren Eray Erge\u00e7, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde yap\u0131lan ve \u2018B\u00fcy\u00fck jest\u2019 olarak kabul edilecek etkinliklerden, bir yenisinin haberini verdi.
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019den g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclen lale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131, iyi bir \u00fcretim sistemi ile \u00e7o\u011faltarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131na satan ve bu nedenle zengin olan Hollandal\u0131lar, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye bu konudaki minnet bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deyebilmek i\u00e7in \u2018Atat\u00fcrk\u2019 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri bir lale t\u00fcr\u00fc yeti\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi.
\nHollandal\u0131lar\u2019\u0131n son jestleri, yine bir lale sunumuyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.
\nLale \u00e7e\u015fitleri aras\u0131nda \u00f6yle bir g\u00fczeli vard\u0131 ki, son zamanlarda bu \u00e7e\u015fit g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmu\u015ftu.
\nS\u00f6z\u00fc edilen lale, Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde \u0130stanbul\u2019un baz\u0131 k\u00f6ylerinde yeti\u015fiyordu ve bu nedenle de ad\u0131na \u2018\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019 denmi\u015fti.
\n\u0130\u015fte Hollandal\u0131lar bu kez nesli hemen hemen t\u00fckenmekte olan o laleyi yeniden buldular ve \u00fcretimini \u00e7o\u011faltmaya ba\u015flayarak d\u00fcnya piyasas\u0131na s\u00fcrme haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na girdiler.
\nYeniden \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lan \u2018\u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019ni, \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirip Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na hediye etme fikri kimden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 bilmiyorum ama, bunda Eray Erge\u00e7\u2019in katk\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yorum.
\nHollanda\u2019dan \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek, \u0130stanbul Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019na hediye eden Ba\u015fkonsolos Barth van Bolhuis \u015fu a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 yapt\u0131:
\n\u201cBu orijinal \u0130stanbul Lalesi, d\u00fcn Amsterdam\u2019dan geldi. Bu g\u00fczel lalenin hikayesi 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 bah\u00e7elerinde ba\u015flad\u0131. Laleler 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hollanda\u2019ya g\u00f6nderildi ve biz farkl\u0131 laleler \u00fcrettik. Ticaretine ba\u015flay\u0131p b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyaya g\u00f6nderdik. \u015eu an d\u00fcnyada bir numaral\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olduk. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar\u0131n tarihi \u0130stanbul lalesine uzan\u0131yor. Umuyorum ki, 3 y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca bizlere bahar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015f olan bu orijinal lale, \u015fimdi de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz zorlu m\u00fccadelede, bizlere g\u00fcven ve i\u00e7 huzur i\u00e7in ilham olur.\u201d
\nGetirilen lalenin Hollanda\u2019da h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok nadir yeti\u015ftirildi\u011fini bildiren van Bolhuis, laleyi \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirmenin kendisi i\u00e7in bir onur oldu\u011funu kaydetti.
\nAsl\u0131nda, bir hafta \u00f6nce Hollanda\u2019ya \u0130mamo\u011flu ile birlikte gitme plan\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ama koronavir\u00fcs nedeniyle bu plan\u0131 uygulayamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 belirten Bolthuis, Amsterdam seyahati s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130mamo\u011flu\u2019na s\u00fcrpriz yapmay\u0131 planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 da kaydetti.
\n\u0130MAMO\u011eLU: \u00c7OK DE\u011eERL\u0130 B\u0130R JEST
\n\u0130stanbul Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu Hollanda Ba\u015fkonsolosu Bolhuis\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr etti.
\nHollandal\u0131 Ba\u015fkonsolosun bu jestine \u00e7ok memnun oldu\u011funu belirten \u0130mamo\u011flu \u015f\u00f6yle konu\u015ftu:
\n\u201cK\u0131ymetli Ba\u015fkonsolosumuz Bolhuis\u2019e te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum. Bu g\u00fcnlerde Covid-19 m\u00fccadelesinden dolay\u0131 asl\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok etkinli\u011fimiz ya da bir\u00e7ok tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fczenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir hayat ya\u015f\u0131yoruz. Korunarak ya da birbirimizi uzaktan selamlayarak. Onun i\u00e7in ben de buradan sizi selaml\u0131yorum. Bu g\u00fczel \u0130stanbul Lalesi i\u00e7in de te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum. Biliyorsunuz lalenin ana vatan\u0131nday\u0131z, \u0130stanbulday\u0131z. Tabi 16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Hollanda\u2019ya so\u011fan gitmesiyele beraber Hollanda\u2019da da yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131. Art\u0131k b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnya laleyi biliyor, \u0130stanbul\u2019da do\u011fdu\u011funu biliyor. Bu manada bu g\u00fczel \u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019ni kendi yeti\u015ftirdikleri laleyi bize hediye etmelerini de \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir jest olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyorum. Bu ve buna benzer k\u00fclt\u00fcrel k\u00f6pr\u00fclerin, Hollanda ile olan g\u00fczel ili\u015fkilerimizi daha yukar\u0131lara daha iyi seviyelere ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 diliyorum. Bu noktada \u0130stanbul her zaman \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015fen vazifeyi, sorumlulu\u011fu yerine getirecektir. Hollanda T\u00fcrkiye ili\u015fkilerinin daha iyi noktaya gitmesi i\u00e7in de yo\u011fun \u00e7abalar i\u00e7inde olacakt\u0131r. Elbette ben buradan b\u00fct\u00fcn \u0130stanbul halk\u0131 ad\u0131na Hollanda\u2019da Covid-19 s\u00fcrecinde hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybedenlere de rahmet diliyorum. Umut ediyorum \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki g\u00fcnler, aylar ve y\u0131llar hep birlikte elele b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmesi ile insanl\u0131k ad\u0131na g\u00fczel g\u00fcnler bizimle olsun. En az \u015fu g\u00fczel lale kadar g\u00fczel g\u00fcnlerde bulu\u015fmak dile\u011fiyle \u00e7ok te\u015fekk\u00fcr ediyorum.\u201d
\nLale ve Lale D\u00f6nemi \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bulunan Sanat Tarih\u00e7isi Prof. Dr. G\u00fcl \u0130repo\u011flu ise laleyi ilk g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde hayrete d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc dile getirerek, \u201c1725 Lale Alb\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde yer alan, lale \u00e7e\u015fitlerine olan benzerli\u011fi inan\u0131lmaz. \u0130stanbul bu kadar uzun zamandan sonra tekrar bu laleyi kucaklayaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in mutluyum.\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.
\nLALE\u2019N\u0130N \u00d6NEM\u0130N\u0130 KE\u015eFED\u0130P HOLLANDA\u2019YA KAZANDIRAN B\u00dcY\u00dcKEL\u00c7\u0130 BUSBECQ, AYNI ZAMANDA TAM B\u0130R T\u00dcRK\u0130YE VE T\u00dcRK HAYRANIYDI
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n uzun tarihi boyunca ikili ili\u015fkilerde hep dost kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 nadir \u00fclkelerden biri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkiye ile Hollanda aras\u0131ndaki 400 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan resmi ili\u015fkilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra giden, bir ba\u015fka ortakl\u0131ksa lalenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde gizlidir. Lale 1612\u2019de ba\u015flayan resmi ili\u015fkilerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hollanda\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015fti.
\n16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnyada var olan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcnden biri T\u00fcrkiye di\u011feri Avusturya\u2019yd\u0131. Avusturya iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 temin etmek \u00fczere se\u00e7kin bir diplomat olan Busbecq\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019a el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Busbecq \u0130stanbul\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde hem bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, hem de g\u00f6zlemler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1563 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Avusturya el\u00e7isi Busbeq g\u00f6revini tamamlay\u0131p \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 el yazmalar\u0131, \u00fclkemizde yeti\u015fen bitkilerin so\u011fanlar\u0131 ve tohumlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle lale ve nergisin so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6nce Viyana\u2019ya sonrada botanik uzman\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131na vermek \u00fczere Hollanda\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc. Leiden \u00dcniversitesi botanik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Charles de l\u2019Ecluse \u00fcniversitenin ara\u015ft\u0131rma bah\u00e7esinde bu so\u011fanlar\u0131 ekti ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeni t\u00fcrler geli\u015ftirdi. Lale Hollandal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevildi. Halk\u0131n ilgisi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde bir lale ekonomisi geli\u015fti. Lale so\u011fanlar\u0131 elden ele dola\u015fmakta, hem \u00fcretici hem de t\u00fcccarlar b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler elde etmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle 1636 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak iki sene lale fiyatlar\u0131 astronomik rakamlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O 2 y\u0131l i\u00e7in sonradan \u201cHollanda\u2019n\u0131n lale devri\u201d benzetmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Lale tutkusu \u00f6yle bir hale gelmi\u015fti ki bir lale so\u011fan\u0131na bir ev verildi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur. Hollanda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck lale \u00fcreticisi ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu.
\nBusbecq\u2019in ne kadar \u00f6nemli bir ki\u015filik oldu\u011funu \u00f6\u011frenebilmek i\u00e7in yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum r\u00f6portaju altta sizlere sunuyorum:
\nT\u00dcRK\u0130YE\u2019YE \u00d6VG\u00dc YA\u011eDIRAN VE L\u00c2LEY\u0130 HOLLANDA\u2019YA KAZANDIRAN ADAM: OG\u0130ER GH\u0130SLA\u0130N DE BUSBECQ
\n*\u0130stanbul\u2019da g\u00f6rev yaparken, arkada\u015f\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar kitap
\nhaline getirildi.
\n*Mektuplarda, T\u00fcrkler\u2019in sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn
\nnedenleri, Ordunun disiplini, T\u00fcrk hamamlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin
\nbeden temizli\u011fine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem, giysilerinin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve renkleri,
\natlar\u0131 ile olan insanc\u0131l ili\u015fkileri anlat\u0131l\u0131yor.
\n*Osmanl\u0131\u2018da kad\u0131n\u0131n hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden de bahseden Busbecq,
\nT\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma talebinde bulunabildi\u011fini, bu
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcyle,Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019dan ileri oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.
\n*Sanki onalt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda, bize ait olan \u00f6zellikler, hasletler,
\nyirminci ve yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015f.
\n*Ayn\u0131 zamanda bir bitki uzman\u0131 olan Busbecq, l\u00e2le so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n
\nHollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131.
\n*Mezar\u0131 kay\u0131p olan Busbecq\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu yere gittik ve ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z mezar\u0131n\u0131 bir kilisede bulduk.
\nOsmanl\u0131 ve T\u00fcrkiye tarihi yaz\u0131l\u0131rken, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6nemli sava\u015flar ve bar\u0131\u015flar aras\u0131nda, \u00f6nemi ink\u00e2r edilemeyecek baz\u0131 konular\u0131 nedense hep atlar\u0131z.
\n\u0130\u015fte bu konulardan biri de Ogier Ghislian Busbecq\u2019tir.
\n\u0130stanbul\u2019da Avusturya B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi olarak g\u00f6rev yaparken, arkada\u015f\u0131na yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar\u0131 kitap haline getirilen, mektuplar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkler\u2019in sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131ndaki \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn nedenlerini, ordunun disiplinini, T\u00fcrk hamamlar\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin beden temizli\u011fine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemi, giysilerinin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve renklerini, atlar\u0131 ile olan insanc\u0131l ili\u015fkilerini anlatan Busbecq, Osmanl\u0131\u2018da kad\u0131n\u0131n hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden de bahsederken, T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma talebinde bulunabildi\u011fini, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019dan ileri oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131yordu.
\nAyn\u0131 zamanda bir bitki uzman\u0131 olan Busbecq, l\u00e2le so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda da b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynad\u0131.
\nAra\u015ft\u0131rmalarMerlezi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Veyis G\u00fcng\u00f6r, Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Bel\u00e7ika s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n Busbecque kasabas\u0131nda bulunan an\u0131t \u00f6n\u00fcnde Busbecq\u2019i anlat\u0131yor.
\n\u0130\u015fte, bizim i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olan Busbecq\u2019in \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yazmak i\u00e7in, TRT ekibi ve bu konuyu ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olan T\u00fcrkevi Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Merkezi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Veyis G\u00fcng\u00f6r ile, Busbecq\u2019in do\u011fdu\u011fu Fransa\u2019daki k\u00f6ye gittik.
\nBug\u00fcne kadar mezar\u0131n\u0131n kay\u0131p oldu\u011fu bilinen Busbecq\u2019in mezar\u0131n\u0131 da bulduk.
\nAma \u00f6nce Busbecq\u2019in \u0130stanbul ya\u015fam\u0131na ve mektuplar\u0131na bakal\u0131m:
\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Kuzey Fransa topraklar\u0131nda olan Bousbecque kenti \u015fatosunda do\u011fdu. Babas\u0131 Georges Ghislain, annesi Catherina Hespiel\u2019di. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde G\u00fcney Bel\u00e7ika\u2018da olan Wervik ve Comines kentlerindeki okullarda ve Leuven kentindeki \u00fcniversitede e\u011fitim g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Daha sonra o d\u00f6nemin en \u00fcst e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u0130talya\u2018da Venedik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u00fcniversitede e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131 ve kamu hizmetine girdi.
\n1552 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avusturya ar\u015fid\u00fck\u00fc Ferdinand I emrinde g\u00f6revlendirildi. \u0130ki y\u0131l sonra Avusturya ad\u0131na \u0130ngiltere\u2018ye g\u00f6nderilerek \u0130ngiltere krali\u00e7esi Mary Tudor ile \u0130spanya prensi II. Felipe\u2018nin evlilik t\u00f6renine kat\u0131ld\u0131.
\nBusbecq\u2019in bir sonraki g\u00f6revi Avusturya\u2019n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye el\u00e7ili\u011fiydi. 1547 y\u0131l\u0131nda iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, fakat Avusturya taraf\u0131 bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 tan\u0131mam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak yap\u0131lan sava\u015flarda 1551 de Erdel\u2018in, 1552 Banat\u2018\u0131n T\u00fcrkler taraf\u0131ndan fethi \u00fczerine, Ferdinand Busbecq\u2019i bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 yenilemek g\u00f6reviyle, \u0130stanbul\u2019a g\u00f6nderdi. Busbuecq\u2019in g\u00f6revi yedi y\u0131l s\u00fcrd\u00fc. R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa\u2018n\u0131n sadrazaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamayan Busbecq, R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa\u2019dan sonra Semiz Ali Pa\u015fa\u2018n\u0131n sadrazaml\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1562 y\u0131l\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 yenilemeyi ba\u015fard\u0131.
\nBusbecq, 1556-1563 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Avusturya el\u00e7isi olarak \u0130stanbul\u2019da ya\u015farken farkl\u0131 faaliyetlerde de bulundu. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda T\u00fcrkleri incelemek ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu toplum hakk\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleri metne d\u00f6kmek de vard\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulundu\u011fu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde dikkatli g\u00f6zlemler yapt\u0131 ve g\u00f6zlemlerini dostu olan Macar diplomat Nicholas Michault\u2019a yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6rt mektupta toplad\u0131.
\nBa\u015fta \u0130stanbul olmak \u00fczere Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinin d\u00f6rt buca\u011f\u0131nda uzun zaman ge\u00e7iren Busbecq, o d\u00f6nemde ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini, duyduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6z verdi\u011fi gibi dostu Machault\u2019a mektuplarla anlatt\u0131. Kanuni\u2019nin H\u00fcrrem\u2019le ve \u015fehzadeleri ile ili\u015fkilerinden R\u00fcstem Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n maddiyata d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne, Osmanl\u0131 ordug\u00e2hlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fczenden hamam \u00e2detlerine, sokaklardaki hayvanlardan g\u00fcncel dedikodulara, ya\u015fanan depremlerden dilencilere pek \u00e7ok konuyu payla\u015f\u0131r. Busbecq\u2019in arkada\u015f\u0131yla dertle\u015fmek i\u00e7in yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu mektuplar, Avrupa\u2019da as\u0131rlar boyunca okunacak bir kaynak oldu.
\nYola \u00e7\u0131karken T\u00fcrkler hakk\u0131nda yeterince bilgisi ve tecr\u00fcbesi olmayan el\u00e7inin, \u0130stanbul\u2019a geldikten sonra Kanuni d\u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili her ayr\u0131nt\u0131y\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 mektuplar ilk kez Latince olarak 1595\u2019te \u201cT\u00fcrk Mektuplar\u0131\u201d ad\u0131yla Paris\u2019te bas\u0131ld\u0131. 1927\u2019de de 3. \u0130ngilizce \u00e7evirisinden Derin T\u00fcrk\u00f6mer taraf\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye \u00e7evrilen kitap, Busbecq\u2019in heyetinde yer alan ressam Melchior Lorichs\u2019in ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7izimlerle birlikte ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde \u0130\u015f Bankas\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okuyucuya sunuldu.
\nAsl\u0131nda bu yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l sebebi T\u00fcrklere nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131 koyabiliriz sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 aramakt\u0131. Bunu a\u00e7\u0131klarken arka planda 16\u2019nc\u0131 Y\u00fczy\u0131l \u0130stanbul\u2019unun ve hayat \u015feklinin d\u00fcr\u00fcst bir manzaras\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu.
\nBusbecq, baz\u0131 ele\u015ftiriler yapmakla birlikte, be\u011fendiklerini de ifade etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ordunun disiplini, T\u00fcrk hamamlar\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklerin beden temizli\u011fine verdi\u011fi \u00f6nem, giysilerinin rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve renkleri, atlar\u0131 ile olan insanc\u0131l ili\u015fkileri, Busbecq\u2019i \u00e7ok etkilemi\u015fti.
\nBusbecq mektuplar\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2018da kad\u0131n\u0131n hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden de bahsediyordu. T\u00fcrk kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n bo\u015fanma talebinde bulunabildi\u011fini, bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle,Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Avrupa\u2019dan ileri oldu\u011funu belirtmesi ilgi hak eden bilgiler aras\u0131nda. \u00c7a\u011fda\u015f g\u00f6zlemciler geriye do\u011fru yap\u0131lan tan\u0131mlar\u0131 bo\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kartabiliyorlar.
\nEl\u00e7i Busbecq, her ne kadar bu topraklar\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n elinde harcand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, hatta topra\u011f\u0131n matem tuttu\u011funu, H\u0131ristiyan k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne hasret i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnse de \u2018yi\u011fidi \u00f6ld\u00fcr hakk\u0131n\u0131 ver\u2019 cinsinden a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 da var kitapta. Busbecq, zaman\u0131n korkulan ama \u00e7ok sayg\u0131 duyulan imparatorlu\u011fa, \u00f6zellikle ordusuna hayranl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ifade ediyor.
\nT\u00fcrk Mektuplar\u0131, g\u00f6zleme dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in roman gibi bir \u00e7\u0131rp\u0131da okunabiliyor. Busbecq i\u00e7in, \u2018sadece Osmanl\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi veriyor\u2019 demek hata olur. O ayn\u0131 zamanda bir Avrupal\u0131n\u0131n ahl\u00e2k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 k\u0131yasl\u0131yor, yer yer \u00f6zele\u015ftiri yapmaktan da \u00e7ekinmiyor.
\nOsmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan nedenleri irdeleyen Busbecq, Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131, adaletli olmalar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131yor ve \u015f\u00f6yle diyor: \u201cSultan\u2019\u0131n kararg\u00e2h\u0131nda tek ki\u015fi yoktu ki itibar\u0131n\u0131 kendi meziyetlerinden ba\u015fka bir \u015feye bor\u00e7lu olsun, do\u011fdu\u011fu aileden dolay\u0131 di\u011ferlerinden farkl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131ns\u0131n. Ki\u015fiye, verdi\u011fi hizmetlere g\u00f6re sayg\u0131 g\u00f6steriliyor. T\u00fcrk imparatorlu\u011funda her insan\u0131n i\u00e7ine do\u011fdu\u011fu \u015fartlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme imk\u00e2n\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte T\u00fcrkler bu nedenle neye te\u015febb\u00fcs etseler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oluyorlar. Sanat\u0131 ve bilimleri ke\u015ffeden bu topraklar, bizlere devretti\u011fi medeniyeti geri almak i\u00e7in m\u00fc\u015fterek inanc\u0131m\u0131z ad\u0131na yabanili\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 bizden yard\u0131m bekliyor. Ama hepsi bo\u015funa. H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sahiplenenlerin ak\u0131llar\u0131nda ba\u015fka istekler hakim.\u201d
\nOgier Ghislain de Busbecq mektuplar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrklerin hangi renkleri u\u011furlu, hangi renkleri u\u011fursuz addettiklerinden de bahsediyor. Siyah\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fc ve talihsizlik getiren bir renk oldu\u011funa inan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazan Busbecq, \u201cT\u00fcrkler siyah\u0131n giyilmesini u\u011fursuzluk say\u0131yor. \u00d6yle ki pa\u015falar bizi birka\u00e7 defa siyah elbiselerle g\u00f6r\u00fcnce ciddi \u015fik\u00e2yetlerde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. Pembe renk ise se\u00e7kinlik alametidir. Ancak sava\u015f zaman\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn habercisi addedilir. Beyaz, sar\u0131, mavi, menek\u015fe, kur\u015funi ve di\u011ferleri daha u\u011furlu renkler say\u0131l\u0131r.\u201d diyor. Makam\u0131 ne olursa olsun T\u00fcrklerin k\u0131yafetlerinin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Busbecq, \u201cReng\u00e2renk k\u0131yafetler, her tarafta atlas kuma\u015flar\u0131n p\u0131r\u0131lt\u0131s\u0131. G\u00f6zlerime b\u00f6yle g\u00fczel bir manzara sunulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu ihti\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde yine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sadelik ve tasarruf g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yor.\u201d diyor.
\nBusbecq, \u0130stanbul\u2019da oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde sarayda ya\u015fanan olaylardan da haberdar. Dostu Machault\u2019ya bunlar\u0131 da yaz\u0131yor: \u201cT\u00fcrk sultanlar\u0131n\u0131n o\u011flu olmak b\u00fcy\u00fck bir mutsuzluk, zira aralar\u0131ndan biri babas\u0131n\u0131n yerine tahta ge\u00e7ti\u011finde, bu di\u011ferleri i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir \u00f6l\u00fcm demek. Onlar\u0131 zorlayan asl\u0131nda hassa askerlerinin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer tahta ge\u00e7enin karde\u015flerinden biri hayatta kalabilmi\u015fse bu askerler sultandan devaml\u0131 olarak ihsan talep ederler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrk sultanlar\u0131 ellerini karde\u015f kan\u0131yla kirletmek zorunda kal\u0131r.\u201d
\nBusbecq, T\u00fcrk yurdunun mimarisinden daima s\u00f6z etmi\u015f ve bu hususta dikkatini \u00e7ekenleri \u015f\u00f6yle yorumlam\u0131\u015f:
\n\u201cT\u00fcrklerin bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi de binalar\u0131nda ihti\u015famdan ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131. Bu gibi \u015feylere \u00f6nem vermeyi kendini be\u011fenmi\u015flik, gurur ve g\u00f6steri\u015f addediyorlar -bunlar adeta insan\u0131n bu d\u00fcnyada ebediyen var olmay\u0131 bekledi\u011fine i\u015faret edermi\u015f gibi. Evlerine, bir yolcunun hana bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6zle bak\u0131yorlar. Onlar\u0131 h\u0131rs\u0131zlardan, s\u0131cak, so\u011fuk ve ya\u011fmurdan koruyorsa ba\u015fka bir l\u00fcks aramazlar. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenle b\u00fct\u00fcn T\u00fcrk diyar\u0131nda zarif bir eve sahip zengin bulmak zordur. S\u0131radan halk kul\u00fcbelerde ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck evlerde ya\u015far. Ancak zenginler bah\u00e7e ve hamama d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Kalabal\u0131k ailelerini bar\u0131nd\u0131racak b\u00fcy\u00fck evleri vard\u0131r ama bu evlerde ayd\u0131nl\u0131k revaklar, g\u00f6z al\u0131c\u0131 salonlar, muhte\u015fem olan veya insan\u0131 cezbeden hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yoktur.\u201d
\nT\u00fcrklerin misafirlere olan d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, tarihten bu yana s\u00fcregelmektedir. \u0130\u015fte bu konu hakk\u0131nda da Busbecq\u2019in bilhassa hanlara dair g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini yine mektuplardan \u015f\u00f6yle \u00f6\u011freniyoruz:
\n\u201cBazen de bir T\u00fcrk Han\u0131nda kald\u0131m. Bunlar \u00e7ok geni\u015f ve ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 yatak odalar\u0131 olan g\u00f6steri\u015fli yap\u0131lar. H\u0131ristiyan, Yahudi, fakir, zengin hi\u00e7 kimse buradan geri \u00e7evrilmiyor, kap\u0131s\u0131 herkese a\u00e7\u0131k. Pa\u015falar ve sancak beyleri yolculuklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda buralar\u0131 kullan\u0131rlarm\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcrk hanlar\u0131nda her zaman bir saltanat saray\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f\u0131m gibi, misafirperverlikle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131m. Bu hanlardan konaklayanlara yemek verilmesi \u00e2dettir. Yemek zaman\u0131 bir hizmetk\u00e2r masa kadar kocaman bir tepsiyle \u00e7\u0131kagelir. Tepsinin ortas\u0131nda bir tabak etli bulgur, etraf\u0131nda ekmekler ile bazen de bir petek bal olur.\u201d
\nBusbecq, T\u00fcrklerin hangi i\u015flere yatk\u0131n oldu\u011fundan mesleki tecr\u00fcbelerine kadar de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunmu\u015f. \u00d6zellikle dikkatini \u00e7eken hadiselerde g\u00f6zlemlerine kendi yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 da katm\u0131\u015f. Bunlardan biri de T\u00fcrklerin karakteristik \u00f6zelliklerinde dinlerinin ne kadar etkili oldu\u011fuyla ilgili. Busbecq\u2019in olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7 s\u00f6zleri \u015f\u00f6yle::
\n\u201cT\u00fcrklerin cesaretlerini fevkalade buluyordum. Gecenin karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, ay \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmamas\u0131na ve \u015fiddetli r\u00fczg\u00e2rlara ra\u011fmen yola devamda hi\u00e7 teredd\u00fct etmediler. K\u0131y\u0131dan suya uzanm\u0131\u015f de\u011firmenler ile k\u00fct\u00fcklerden ve a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 s\u00fcrekli tehlike i\u00e7indeydiler. Kuvvetli r\u00fczg\u00e2r, bulundu\u011fum tekneyi s\u0131k s\u0131k a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u00f6klerine suya uzanan dallara \u00f6yle bir \u015fiddetle \u00e7arp\u0131yordu ki her an par\u00e7alanmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Hatta bir defas\u0131nda g\u00fcvertenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcyle koptu. Yata\u011f\u0131mdan f\u0131rlayarak gemicileri daha dikkatli olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in azarlad\u0131m. Bana y\u00fcksek sesle verdikleri cevap sadece \u201cAlaure\u201d yani \u201cAllah bizi korur\u201d oldu.\u201d
\nT\u00fcrk mutfa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 seven ve lezzetli sofralara konuk olan Busbecq\u2019in, T\u00fcrk yemek k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcyle ilgili s\u00f6yleyecekleri de elbet vard\u0131r:
\n\u201cT\u00fcrkler yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda ete veya s\u0131cak yeme\u011fe ra\u011fbet etmezler. Ho\u015fland\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feyler ek\u015fitilmi\u015f s\u00fct, peynir, kuru erik, armut, \u015feftali, ayva, incir, kuru \u00fcz\u00fcm ve vi\u015fnedir. Bu meyveleri temiz suda kaynat\u0131p b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak tepsilere koyarlar. Herkes bundan can\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fini sat\u0131n al\u0131r. Meyveyi ekme\u011fin yan\u0131nda kat\u0131k olarak yerler. Sonra da suyunu i\u00e7erler. B\u00f6ylece yiyecek ve i\u00e7ecek \u00e7ok ucuza mal olur \u2013\u00f6yle ki bizde bir ki\u015finin g\u00fcnl\u00fck yemek masraf\u0131 bir T\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn 12 g\u00fcnde harcayaca\u011f\u0131 paradan daha \u00e7oktur. Hatta resmi ziyaferleri bile genellikle b\u00f6reklerden, \u00e7e\u015fitli tatl\u0131lardan, yan\u0131na koyun eti ve tavuk ilave ettikleri muhtelif pirin\u00e7 yemeklerinden ibarettir. \u201d
\nT\u00fcrklerin seferde nas\u0131l beslendiklerinden askerlik ve din anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131na, hayvan sevgilerinden kad\u0131nlara dair tutumlar\u0131na kadar her detay\u0131 hi\u00e7 atlamadan aktaran Busbecq \u00f6zellikle kendi askerlerine hay\u0131flan\u0131r:
\n\u201c\u2026B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar size, T\u00fcrklerin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu \u015fartlara kar\u015f\u0131 ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sab\u0131r, uyan\u0131kl\u0131k ve tasarrufla katland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir. Seferde verilen al\u0131\u015f\u0131lagelmi\u015f yeme\u011fi be\u011fenmeyen, \u00f6zenle pi\u015firilmi\u015f zarif yiyecekler bekleyen bizim askerimizden ne kadar da farkl\u0131! E\u011fer arzular\u0131 yerine getirilmezse ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131p kendi kendilerinin mahv\u0131na sebep olurlar. \u0130stedikleri verilse bile yine kendilerini ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde peri\u015fan ederler. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc her insan\u0131n ba\u015f d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 kendisidir ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olmaktan daha amans\u0131z bir hasm\u0131 yoktur. D\u00fc\u015fman can\u0131n\u0131 almakta gecikse de onu bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yok eder. T\u00fcrklerin d\u00fczenini bizimkiyle k\u0131yaslad\u0131\u011f\u0131mda gelece\u011fin ba\u015f\u0131m\u0131za getireceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve \u00fcrk\u00fcyorum\u2026 Onlarda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir imparatorlu\u011fun b\u00fct\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131, y\u0131pranmam\u0131\u015f bir g\u00fc\u00e7, d\u00f6v\u00fc\u015fte ustal\u0131k ve tecr\u00fcbe, sava\u015f g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f askerler, zafere al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k, zorluklara tahamm\u00fcl, beraberlik, d\u00fczen, disiplin, kanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131k ve tedbir var. Yoksulluk, ki\u015fisel israf, zay\u0131f bir g\u00fc\u00e7, maneviyat bozuklu\u011fu, tahamm\u00fcls\u00fczl\u00fck, e\u011fitimsizlik ise bizde. Asker itaatsiz. Subaylar para canl\u0131s\u0131. Disiplin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcmseniyor. Ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015fluk, umursamazl\u0131k, ayya\u015fl\u0131k ve ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k yayg\u0131n. En k\u00f6t\u00fc olan da \u015fu: d\u00fc\u015fman zafere al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n biz ise yenilgiye. Sonucun ne olaca\u011f\u0131ndan \u015f\u00fcphe edebilir miyiz ?\u201d
\nBusbecq\u2019in mektuplar\u0131, \u00f6nemini ilk yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131llardan beri koruyor. \u015eahit olduklar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7eklerden \u00e7ok uzakla\u015fmadan kendince yorumlay\u0131p sunan bu diplomat, ayn\u0131 zamanda T\u00fcrklerin lale d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fcnyaya tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\nBUSBECQUE Z\u0130YARET\u0130
\nY\u00f6netmen Sacit \u015eahin, Yap\u0131mc\u0131 \u0130smail Elden, kameramanlar Ercan \u0130\u015fsever, Orhan Aybert\u00fcrk, Hayrettin Demir, Murat Balc\u0131, son \u00e7ekimlerini bu belgeselde yapan rahmetli Mehmet T\u00fcrko\u011flu ve Veyis G\u00fcng\u00f6r ile gitti\u011fimiz Busbecque kasabas\u0131nda, O\u2019nun hat\u0131ras\u0131na dikilen bir an\u0131t \u00f6n\u00fcnde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ekimden sonra, hemen yak\u0131nda olan bir kilisenin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir bankta soluk al\u0131yorduk.
\nO s\u0131rada kiliseden \u00e7\u0131kan bir bayan \u00fczerimize do\u011fru y\u00fcr\u00fcmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u2018Eyvah, buradan kovulaca\u011f\u0131z\u2019 korkusu ya\u015farken, gelen bayan bize \u2018San\u0131r\u0131m Busbecq hak\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131yorsunuz. Buyurun kiliseye gelin, orada kendisine ait anlat\u0131lacak \u00e7ok \u015fey var\u2019 dedi.
\nBusbecq\u2019in mezar yeri bilinmiyordu. Busbecq sokaklar\u0131nda ondan geriye kalan izleri ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kilise g\u00f6revlisi bize, kalbinin kiliseye g\u00f6m\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi. Ya\u015farken bir\u00e7ok defa u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yard\u0131m etti\u011fi kilisede ondan kalan son ize rastlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. B\u00f6ylece de, bug\u00fcne kadar bilinmeyen Busbecq\u2019in mezar\u0131n\u0131 da bulmu\u015f olduk.
\nBUSBECQ \u0130\u00c7\u0130N GENEL KANAAT
\nT\u00fcrk tarihine alt\u0131n harflerle girmesi gereken Busbecq hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimizi analiz etti\u011fimiz zaman, gerek yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ve gerekse yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ile bizde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kanaat i\u00e7in Veyis G\u00fcng\u00f6r \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor:
\n\u201c\u00d6rnekleri okuduk\u00e7a, insan\u0131n \u015f\u00f6yle diyesi geliyor: Sanki onalt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda, bize ait olan \u00f6zellikler, hasletler, yirminci ve yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019ya ge\u00e7mi\u015f. O g\u00fcn yani onalt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupa\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri de ne yaz\u0131k ki, bize yani yirmibirinci y\u00fczy\u0131lda T\u00fcrklere ge\u00e7mi\u015f gibi. B\u00f6yle \u00e7arp\u0131k ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor bir durum var ortada. Mesela, Busbecq, onalt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda i\u015f ahlak\u0131ndan bahsediyor. \u2018T\u00fcrkler, bir i\u015fe ehil olmayan\u0131 kesinlikle almazlar\u2019 diyor. Yani bir ki\u015fi i\u015fe al\u0131nacaksa, onun amcas\u0131, day\u0131s\u0131 varm\u0131\u015f ya da soylu bir aileden geliyor olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir. Tek bakt\u0131klar\u0131 kriter, bu ki\u015finin bu i\u015fi yap\u0131p yapmayaca\u011f\u0131, bu i\u015f alan\u0131nda tecr\u00fcbesi, bilgisi, ehliyeti var m\u0131, yok mu, buna bak\u0131yorlar, \u0130\u015fte, \u2018T\u00fcrklerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 budur\u2019 diyor Busbecq.\u201d
\nBUSBECQ L\u00c2LE\u2019Y\u0130 KAZANDIRDI
\nBusbecq\u2019in, yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ile T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi ve T\u00fcrkleri onurland\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda, T\u00fcrk l\u00e2lesinin, Hollanda kanal\u0131yla t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada \u00fcnlenmesinde oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rol da ink\u00e2r edilemez.
\nOgier Ghislain de Busbecq ayn\u0131 zamanda bir bitki uzman\u0131yd\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zellikle endemik bitkiler \u00fczerinde ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015f, \u00f6zellikle o d\u00f6nemde Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 l\u00e2le ve nergis ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f ve bu bitkinin so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nemin \u00f6nemli bir botanik uzman\u0131 olan arkada\u015f\u0131 Charles de l\u2019Ecluse\u2019e g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Daha sonra Leiden \u00fcniversitesinde botanik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan l\u2019Ecluse, laleyi geli\u015ftirerek Hollandal\u0131lara tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nHollanda\u2019da yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde lale b\u00fcy\u00fck be\u011feni toplam\u0131\u015f ve 1636-1637 y\u0131llar\u0131nda l\u00e2le so\u011fanlar\u0131 astronomik fiyatlarla al\u0131c\u0131 bulur hale gelmi\u015ftir. Bunu bir bak\u0131ma Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n l\u00e2le devri saymak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Alexandre Dumas\u2018\u0131n Siyah L\u00e2le adl\u0131 roman\u0131 da Hollanda\u2019daki l\u00e2le devrine ili\u015fkindir. (Ancak roman\u0131n konusu 1672 y\u0131l\u0131nda ge\u00e7mektedir.) Bizim lale devrimiz ise bundan hayli sonra 1718-1730 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu suretle, 16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019ya giden lale 18\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda bu kez Avrupa\u2019dan ithal edilmi\u015f oldu.
\nHollanda\u2019n\u0131n uzun tarihi boyunca ikili ili\u015fkilerde hep dost kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 nadir \u00fclkelerden biri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019dir. T\u00fcrkiye ile Hollanda aras\u0131ndaki 400 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan resmi ili\u015fkilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bir ba\u015fka ortakl\u0131ksa l\u00e2lenin \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcnde gizlidir. L\u00e2le, 1612\u2019de ba\u015flayan resmi ili\u015fkilerden yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Hollanda\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ok sevilmi\u015fti.
\n16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnyada var olan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcc\u00fcnden biri T\u00fcrkiye, di\u011feri Avusturya\u2019yd\u0131. Avusturya, iki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 temin etmek \u00fczere se\u00e7kin bir diplomat olan Busbecq\u2019i \u0130stanbul\u2019a el\u00e7i olarak g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Busbecq \u0130stanbul\u2019da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 7 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde hem bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f, hem de g\u00f6zlemler yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1563 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Avusturya el\u00e7isi Busbecq, g\u00f6revini tamamlay\u0131p \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken yan\u0131nda baz\u0131 el yazmalar\u0131, \u00fclkemizde yeti\u015fen bitkilerin so\u011fanlar\u0131 ve tohumlar\u0131 da vard\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n \u00f6zellikle l\u00e2le ve nergisin so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6nce Viyana\u2019ya sonra da botanik uzman\u0131 arkada\u015f\u0131na vermek \u00fczere Hollanda\u2019ya g\u00f6t\u00fcrd\u00fc.
\nBusbecq\u2019ten al\u0131nan l\u00e2le so\u011fanlar\u0131, Leiden \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin botanik bah\u00e7esine ekilmi\u015fti. Ziyaret etti\u011fimiz botanik bah\u00e7ede, rekt\u00f6r Paul Kessler bize so\u011fanlar\u0131n ekildi\u011fi yeri g\u00f6sterdi.
\nLeiden \u00dcniversitesi botanik profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Charles de l\u2019Ecluse, \u00fcniversitenin ara\u015ft\u0131rma bah\u00e7esinde bu so\u011fanlar\u0131 ekti ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yeni t\u00fcrler geli\u015ftirdi. Lale Hollandal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok sevildi. Halk\u0131n ilgisi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00fclke i\u00e7erisinde bir l\u00e2le ekonomisi geli\u015fti.
\nL\u00e2le so\u011fanlar\u0131 elden ele dola\u015fmakta, hem \u00fcretici hem de t\u00fcccarlar b\u00fcy\u00fck gelirler elde etmekteydi. \u00d6zellikle 1636 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak iki sene lale fiyatlar\u0131 astronomik rakamlara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O 2 y\u0131l i\u00e7in sonradan \u201cHollanda\u2019n\u0131n lale devri\u201d benzetmesi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\nL\u00e2le tutkusu \u00f6yle bir hale gelmi\u015fti ki, bir lale so\u011fan\u0131na bir ev verildi\u011fi olmu\u015ftur. Hollanda k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck lale \u00fcreticisi ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 oldu.
\nAT ARABASI \u0130LE G\u00d6NDER\u0130LEN LALE SO\u011eANLARININ \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 DEFA SEMBOL\u0130K OLARAK G\u00d6NDER\u0130L\u0130\u015e\u0130
\nLale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan posta arabas\u0131, bizim de takip etti\u011fimiz bir L\u00e2le Festivali s\u0131ras\u0131nda sembolik olarak bah\u00e7aye kondu. Foto\u011frafta Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imiz ve e\u015fi, Festival\u2019i organize eden Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve e\u015fi ile sembolik posta arabas\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor
\nHollanda\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir kutlamada, 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Busbecq\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bir posta arabas\u0131yla lale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 Hollanda\u2019ya getiri\u015fi, ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla tekrar edildi. Posta arabas\u0131 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019dan b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renlerle ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, 400 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki rotay\u0131 takip etti. Selanik, Belgrat, Graz, Salzburg, M\u00fcnih, Frankfurt, Bonn ve Lahey \u015fehirlerinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra 38 g\u00fcnde Rotterdam\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renlerle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131..
\nH\u00dcSN\u00dc UYSAL SEMBOL\u0130K LALE ARABASINI HATIRLIYOR
\nYay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fum \u2018 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00d6vg\u00fc Ya\u011fd\u0131ran ve Laleyi Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran Adam: Busbecq\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 haberimi okuyan eski dost H\u00fcsn\u00fc Uysal, bana g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bir mesaj\u0131nda \u00e7ok ilgin\u00e7 bir \u015fahitli\u011fi dile getirdi.
\nOrtaokul \u00f6\u011frencisi iken, 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc, Hollanda\u2019ya sembolik olarak g\u00f6nderilen, l\u00e2le so\u011fan\u0131 y\u00fckl\u00fc bir at arabas\u0131n\u0131n yola \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u015fahit oldu\u011funu belirten Uysal \u015funlar\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015f:
\n\u201c\u0130lhan Bey,
\nSizin 13 Ocak 2021 tarihinde kaleme al\u0131p bizlere g\u00f6nderdi\u011finiz \u2018T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00d6vg\u00fc Ya\u011fd\u0131ran ve Laleyi Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran Adam: Busbecq\u2019 ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 yaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilgiyle okudum.
\nYaz\u0131n\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n hemen hemen en son k\u0131sm\u0131nda; \u2018Posta arabas\u0131 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019dan b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renlerle ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, 400 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki rotay\u0131 takip etti. Selanik, Belgrat, Graz, Salzburg, M\u00fcnih, Frankfurt, Bon ve Lahey \u015fehirlerinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra 38 g\u00fcnde Rotterdam\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.\u2019 c\u00fcmlesini okuyunca, tam 60 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesini hat\u0131rlad\u0131m.
\nO y\u0131llarda biz Londra Asfalt\u0131 Caddesi yan\u0131ndaki Topkap\u0131 Mahallesi\u2019nde ikamet ediyorduk. Ben ise \u015eehremini Ortaokulu\u2019nda okuyordum. O y\u0131lki e\u011fitim d\u00f6neminde \u00f6\u011flenden sonra serbesttik.
\n\u2018Bu an\u0131m\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yer olan Londra Asfalt\u0131 Caddesi\u2019nin internetten buldu\u011fum o zamanlara ait iki foto\u011fraf\u0131 ekliyorum. Olay soldaki resmin sol taraf\u0131nda olu\u015fmu\u015ftu.
\nLondra Asfalt\u0131 Caddesi ise daha yeni tamamlanm\u0131\u015f, \u0130stanbul\u2019un en modern asfalt yoluydu. Orta k\u0131s\u0131mda bazen \u00e7i\u00e7eklerle s\u00fcslenir bazen de beyaz \u00e7ak\u0131llarla kapl\u0131 bu k\u0131sm\u0131 \u00f6zel bek\u00e7iler taraf\u0131nda g\u00f6zlenir ve bizleri buraya pek yakla\u015ft\u0131rmazlard\u0131. Londra Asfalt\u0131 Caddesi o kadar tenhayd\u0131 ki bunu bug\u00fcnk\u00fc trafikle k\u0131yaslayamay\u0131z. Topkap\u0131\u2019dan Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y istikametine do\u011fru yolun iki taraf\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tepecikler, yemye\u015fil \u00e7ay\u0131rlarla kapl\u0131 bombo\u015f araziydi.
\nEvet 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc okuldan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra arkada\u015flar\u0131mla Londra Asfalt\u0131 Caddesi yan\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fc ge\u00e7iriyor beraber oynuyorduk. Topkap\u0131 Surlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki benzin istasyonu yak\u0131n\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir topluluk g\u00f6r\u00fcnce ben ve arkada\u015flar\u0131m \u2018Ne oluyor burada?\u2019 diye b\u00fcy\u00fck bir merakla hemen yanlar\u0131na ko\u015fu\u015ftuk.
\nOrada g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerim; bir fayton, ama nas\u0131l bir fayton? \u0130kiden fazla at ko\u015fulmu\u015ftu \u00f6n\u00fcne. Etraf\u0131nda ise tarihsel giysileri ile dola\u015fan iri yar\u0131 bir bey ile bir han\u0131m dikkatimi \u00e7ekti. Bu beyin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki beresi, k\u0131sa tulum pantolonu ve alt\u0131nda uzun \u00e7oraplar\u0131, han\u0131m\u0131n ise \u00fczerindeki kadife gibi kuma\u015ftan giysisi g\u00f6zlerimden halen silinmiyor. Bir de \u00fc\u00e7 ayak \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7ekime haz\u0131r bir film kameras\u0131. Herhalde tarihi bir film \u00e7ekimi yap\u0131l\u0131yor diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Ayr\u0131ca yar\u0131\u015f bisikletleri ile yar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar, sanki bir tura haz\u0131rlan\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yar\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131lardan birinin o g\u00fcler y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc ise hi\u00e7 unutam\u0131yorum. Bu iki etkinli\u011fin bir arada olu\u015funu halen \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemi\u015f de\u011filim.
\nMerak\u0131m\u0131 yenemedim. Bizim gibi olay\u0131 g\u00f6zleyenlerden birine \u2018Amca kim bunlar? Ne yap\u0131yorlar burada?\u2019 diye sorunca, bu ki\u015fi bana, L\u00e2lenin Hollanda\u2019ya gidi\u015finin 400\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc anma t\u00f6reni yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131. Bu iri c\u00fcsseli bey ile han\u0131m\u0131n Hollandal\u0131 olduklar\u0131n\u0131, bu fayton ile uzun bir yolculuk yapacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6zlerine eklemi\u015fti. Evet 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fahit oldu\u011fum bu olay hi\u00e7bir zaman g\u00f6zlerimden ve haf\u0131zamdan silinmedi.
\nO zamanki Hollanda \u00fczerinde bildiklerim ise Co\u011frafya derslerindeki yar\u0131m sayfaya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bilgilerdi.
\nBenim bu an\u0131m\u0131, yaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okuduktan sonra sizinle payla\u015fmak istedim.
\nSayg\u0131lar\u0131mla,
\nH\u00fcsn\u00fc Uysal.\u201d
\nH\u00fcsn\u00fc Uysal\u2019\u0131n \u015fahit oldu\u011fu posta arabas\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131saca \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc \u015f\u00f6yle:
\nL\u00e2le\u2019nin Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n 400\u2019\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u0131l\u0131nda, Hollanda ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u015fenlikler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Hollanda\u2019daki \u015fenlikler \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. L\u00e2le so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131n Hollanda\u2019ya g\u00f6nderili\u015fi sembolik olarak tekrarlan\u0131r.
\nAtl\u0131 bir arabaya doldurulan l\u00e2le so\u011fanlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan yola \u00e7\u0131kar ve yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi gibi Hollanda\u2019ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kar. Rotterdam\u2019da kar\u015f\u0131lanan araba onbinlerce ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r.
\nHER YIL \u00c7E\u015e\u0130TL\u0130 B\u00d6LGELERDE YAPILAN \u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK \u015eENL\u0130KLER\u0130
\nMart ay\u0131yla birlikte Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131rsal\u0131 l\u00e2le mevsimine girer. U\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z tarlalar rengarenk \u00e7i\u00e7eklerlerle s\u00fcslenir.
\n16\u2019nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul\u2019dan getirilerek \u00fcretimi ba\u015flayan l\u00e2le o g\u00fcnden beri Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r.
\nLale h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok Hollanda\u2019da \u00fcretiliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda turistlerin Hollanda\u2019ya gelme sebeplerinden biri olarak da ekonomiye katk\u0131 yap\u0131yor.
\nKEUKENHOF \u00c7\u0130\u00c7EK FUARI
\n1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan Keukenhof \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi her y\u0131l 1,5 milyon turisti a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor. Kap\u0131lar\u0131, Mart sonundan May\u0131s sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131k olan 32 hektar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Keukenhof bah\u00e7esi, 7 milyon l\u00e2le ekiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan getirilen bitki \u00e7e\u015fitleriyle do\u011fan\u0131n t\u00fcm renklerini bir arada sunuyor.
\n7 bin so\u011fanl\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00e7e\u015fidinin yan\u0131nda, sezon boyunca park\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer alan seralarda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek tanzim ve \u015fovlar\u0131 da son derece ilgi \u00e7ekiyor. \u0130ki ay s\u00fcren ziyaret d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde bir \u00e7ok etkinlik ve tan\u0131t\u0131ma yer veriliyor. 80 kadar \u00e7i\u00e7ek yeti\u015ftiricisi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 firma, her y\u0131l farkl\u0131 g\u00f6steriler sunmak i\u00e7in 2 ay s\u00fcren bu sezonluk g\u00f6rsel \u015f\u00f6len i\u00e7in, y\u0131l boyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.
\nKeukenhof\u2019taki etkinliklerin en \u00f6nemlisi Bloemencorso resmi ge\u00e7idi\u2026
\nBloemencorso \u2018\u00c7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu t\u00f6ren \u00f6zellikle lale so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n Hollanda\u2019ya getirili\u015fini kutlamak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Sonraki y\u0131llarada tam bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek festivaline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Fakat lale tabii ki yine ba\u015frolde.
\n\u00c7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131 her Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Noordwijk kasabas\u0131ndan sabah 9 da ba\u015flay\u0131p Kuzey\u2019e do\u011fru 40 km\u2019lik yolu kat ettikten sonra saat 21\u2019de Haarlem \u015fehrinde son buluyor.
\nCumartesi yakla\u015f\u0131rken Noordwijk\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7i\u00e7ek arabalar\u0131 birbiriyle yar\u0131\u015f halinde\u2026
\nBu titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar, 12 saatlik bir kortej ge\u00e7i\u015finden sonra eski haline d\u00f6necek. G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda, en g\u00fczel kompozisyonun se\u00e7ilmesi, ayr\u0131 bir motivasyon sa\u011flasa da b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7aba \u00e7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131n\u0131n daha g\u00f6rkemli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026
\nHer y\u0131l belli bir tema se\u00e7ilip, kompozisyonlar temel olarak bu tema etraf\u0131nda \u015fekilleniyor.
\nAfbeelding met person, persoon, schermopname, panorama Automatisch gegenereerde beschrijving
\nMart ay\u0131yla birlikte Hollanda\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131rsal\u0131 lale mevsimine girer. U\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z tarlalar rengarenk \u00e7i\u00e7eklerlerle s\u00fcslenir.
\n16. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130stanbul\u2019dan getirilerek \u00fcretimi ba\u015flayan lale o g\u00fcnden beri Hollandal\u0131lar\u0131n hayat\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yer tutmaktad\u0131r.
\nLale, h\u00e2l\u00e2 d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok Hollanda\u2019da \u00fcretiliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda turistlerin Hollanda\u2019ya gelme sebeplerinden biri olarak da ekonomiye katk\u0131 yap\u0131yor.
\n1949 y\u0131l\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131lan Keukenhof \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi her y\u0131l 1,5 milyon turisti a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131yor. Kap\u0131lar\u0131, Mart sonundan May\u0131s sonuna kadar a\u00e7\u0131k olan 32 hektar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki Keukenhof bah\u00e7esi, 7 milyon lale ekiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan getirilen bitki \u00e7e\u015fitleriyle do\u011fan\u0131n t\u00fcm renklerini bir arada sunuyor.
\n7000 bin so\u011fanl\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek \u00e7e\u015fidinin yan\u0131nda, sezon boyunca park\u0131n i\u00e7inde yer alan seralarda, \u00e7i\u00e7ek tanzim ve \u015fovlar\u0131 da son derece ilgi \u00e7ekiyor. \u0130ki ay s\u00fcren ziyaret d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7erisinde bir \u00e7ok etkinlik ve tan\u0131t\u0131ma yer veriliyor. 80 kadar \u00e7i\u00e7ek yeti\u015ftiricisi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 firma, her y\u0131l farkl\u0131 g\u00f6steriler sunmak i\u00e7in 2 ay s\u00fcren bu sezonluk g\u00f6rsel \u015f\u00f6len i\u00e7in, y\u0131l boyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar.
\nKeukenhof\u2019taki etkinliklerin en \u00f6nemlisi Bloemencorso resmi ge\u00e7idi\u2026
\nBloemencorso \u2018\u00c7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131\u2019 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu t\u00f6ren \u00f6zellikle lale so\u011fan\u0131n\u0131n Hollanda\u2019ya getirili\u015fini kutlamak i\u00e7in ba\u015flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Sonraki y\u0131llarada tam bir \u00e7i\u00e7ek festivaline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. Fakat lale tabii ki yine ba\u015frolde.
\n\u0130lk kutlamada 1960 y\u0131l\u0131nda Busbecq\u2019in \u0130stanbul\u2019dan bir posta arabas\u0131yla lale so\u011fanlar\u0131n\u0131 Hollanda\u2019ya getiri\u015fi ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla tekrar edildi. Posta arabas\u0131 30 Mart 1960 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul\u2019dan b\u00fcy\u00fck t\u00f6renlerle ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, 400 y\u0131l \u00f6nceki rotay\u0131 takip etti. Selanik, Belgrat, Graz, Salzburg, M\u00fcnih, Frankfurt, Bonn ve Lahey \u015fehirlerinden ge\u00e7tikten sonra 38 g\u00fcnde Rotterdam\u2019a ula\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir t\u00f6renlerle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.
\n\u00c7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131 her Nisan ay\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Cumartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Noordvijk kasabas\u0131ndan sabah 9 da ba\u015flay\u0131p Kuzey\u2019e do\u011fru 40 km\u2019lik yolu kat ettikten sonra saat 21\u2019de Haarlem \u015fehrinde son buluyor.
\nCumartesi yakla\u015f\u0131rken Noordwijk\u2019te haz\u0131rlanan \u00e7i\u00e7ek arabalar\u0131 birbiriyle yar\u0131\u015f halinde\u2026
\nBu titiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar, 12 saatlik bir kortej ge\u00e7i\u015finden sonra eski haline d\u00f6necek. G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda, en g\u00fczel kompozisyonun se\u00e7ilmesi, ayr\u0131 bir motivasyon sa\u011flasa da b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7aba \u00e7i\u00e7ek alay\u0131n\u0131n daha g\u00f6rkemli olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in\u2026
\nHer y\u0131l belli bir tema se\u00e7ilip, kompozisyonlar temel olarak bu tema etraf\u0131nda \u015fekilleniyor. Bu y\u0131lki temayd\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/www.ilhankaracay.com\/dunyamizdan-ahirete-goc-eden-unlu-dostlar-ile-anilarim-2\/ \u0130lhan KARA\u00c7AY yazd\u0131: Lahey B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7ili\u011fimizin bah\u00e7esine, soyu t\u00fckenmekte oldu\u011fu san\u0131lan \u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019nden 100 so\u011fan ekildi. \u0130stanbul Lalesi\u2019ni daha \u00f6nce de \u0130stanbul\u2019da eken Hollanda b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isine, Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu te\u015fekk\u00fcr etmi\u015fti D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve g\u00fczel \u00e7i\u00e7ek bah\u00e7esi Keukenhof 21 Mart\u2019ta a\u00e7\u0131lacak 12 May\u0131s\u2019a kadar a\u00e7\u0131k kalacak. Lale\u2019yi Hollanda\u2019ya kazand\u0131ran ve tam bir T\u00fcrkiye ve T\u00fcrk hayran\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":317820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-317819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/317819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=317819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/317819\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/317820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=317819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=317819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=317819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}