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{"id":278040,"date":"2022-10-27T12:51:23","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T09:51:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/?p=278040"},"modified":"2022-10-27T12:51:23","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T09:51:23","slug":"isci-sagligi-ve-is-guvenligi-isiginda-komur-madeni-kazalari-kose-yazisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/isci-sagligi-ve-is-guvenligi-isiginda-komur-madeni-kazalari-kose-yazisi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130\u015e\u00c7\u0130 SA\u011eLI\u011eI VE \u0130\u015e G\u00dcVENL\u0130\u011e\u0130 I\u015eI\u011eINDA K\u00d6M\u00dcR MADEN\u0130 KAZALARI( K\u00d6\u015eE YAZISI)"},"content":{"rendered":"
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DR. H\u0130LM\u0130 \u00d6ZDEN<\/b><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u201cAmasra K\u00f6m\u00fcr Madeni Kazas\u0131nda Hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 Kaybeden Karde\u015flerimize Allah\u2019tan\u00a0<\/b>Rahmet Kederli Ailelerine ve T\u00fcrk Milletine Sab\u0131rlar Dileriz\u201d<\/b><\/div>\n
G\u00dcNDEM:<\/b>\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz<\/a>1 sayfas\u0131nda Say\u0131\u015ftay Raporlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0<\/b>Amasra\u2019daki maden facias\u0131 \u00f6ncesi tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n maalesef dikkate\u00a0<\/b>al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz<\/a>\u00a0sitesinde deliller ve belgeler herkesin\u00a0<\/b>anlayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:
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Bart\u0131n\u2019\u0131n Amasra il\u00e7esindeki T\u00fcrkiye Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Kurumu Amasra M\u00fcessese\u00a0<\/b>M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne ait maden oca\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan grizu patlamas\u0131nda 41 maden i\u015f\u00e7isi hayat\u0131n\u0131\u00a0<\/b>kaybetti<\/b>. Maden oca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgili 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda Say\u0131\u015ftay raporlar\u0131nda grizu patlamas\u0131 riskinin\u00a0\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair uyar\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 sosyal medyada h\u0131zla yay\u0131ld\u0131. Cumhuriyet\u00a0Halk Partisi (CHP) Zonguldak Milletvekili Deniz Yavuzy\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcndeme getirmesiyle bu\u00a0rapor bir\u00e7ok haber sitesinde de yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/div>\n
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1\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz-sayistayin-amasradaki-madenle-ilgili-2019-yilinda-uyarida-bulundugu-iddiasi<\/a> G\u00fcncelleme: 18\/10\/2022<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u0130ddialar\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Kurumu (TTK) ise bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yaparak\u00a0oca\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7erisindeki havaland\u0131rma ile k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00fcnyesindeki metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve\u00a0bunun i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini etkileyen bir durum olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Kurum, haberlerde\u00a0\u201cdezenformasyon<\/b>\u201d yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
Say\u0131\u015ftay uyar\u0131larda bulunmu\u015f
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Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili denetim raporuna a\u00e7\u0131k\u00a0kaynaklardan eri\u015filebiliyor. \u00a0Yavuzy\u0131lmaz\u2019\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc raporun 65\u2019inci sayfas\u0131na\u00a0aittir. Say\u0131\u015ftay Amasra\u2019daki \u00fcretim derinli\u011finin s\u0131f\u0131r\u0131n alt\u0131nda 300 metreye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan\u00a0damarlarda gaz i\u00e7eriklerinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu, ani gaz degaj\u0131 ve grizu patlama riskinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u00a0belirtmi\u015ftir:<\/div>\n
uyari<\/div>\n
Say\u0131\u015ftay riskleri de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak \u201c\u0130lgili mevzuat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u2018kurum\u00a0degaj y\u00f6nergesi\u2019 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin titizlikle uygulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir\u201d \u00f6nerisini sunmu\u015ftur:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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tablo<\/div>\n
Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131llarda payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlarda da uyar\u0131lar dikkati \u00e7ekiyor. 2017\u00a0tarihli raporda\u201cgaz birikme ihtimali olan yerlerde elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ekipmanlar yerine\u00a0<\/i>bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 haval\u0131 ekipmanlar kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, solunabilir tozla ve patlay\u0131c\u0131 tozla m\u00fccadeleye\u00a0<\/i>gereken \u00f6nemin verilmesi, damar gaz i\u00e7eriklerinin tespiti ve ocaklar\u0131n derinle\u015fmesi ile artan\u00a0<\/i>degaj<\/i>\u00a0(Ani Gaz ve K\u00f6m\u00fcr P\u00fcsk\u00fcrmesi)\u00a0olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemler konusuna titizlikle\u00a0<\/i>\u00f6nem verilmesi gerekmektedir.<\/i>\u201d ifadeleri kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
\u00d6neride ise dikkati \u00e7ekici bir vurgu vard\u0131r. M\u00fcessesede 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda 133 i\u015f kazas\u0131\u00a0meydana geldi\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 28\u2019inin g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck, y\u00fczde 56\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n kayma, d\u00fc\u015fme ve \u00e7arpma\u00a0gibi nedenlerle oldu\u011fu bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi i\u00e7in AR-GE faaliyetlerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi\u00a0belirtilmi\u015ftir. Teyit\u2019in ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0TMMOB<\/b>\u00a0Maden M\u00fchendisleri Odas\u0131 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ayhan Y\u00fcksel\u00a0de Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n gaz i\u00e7eri\u011finin y\u00fckseldi\u011fini belirterek, bunun kaza riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 net bi\u00e7imde\u00a0ortaya koydu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Y\u00fcksel\u2019e g\u00f6re m\u00fcessesenin uyar\u0131lara gerek kalmadan gerekli\u00a0\u00f6nlemleri almas\u0131 ve s\u0131f\u0131r kazay\u0131 hedeflemesi gerekiyor.<\/div>\n
Raporda i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fine ili\u015fkin \u00e7ok say\u0131da uyar\u0131 var
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Ayr\u0131ca Say\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n raporunda sadece grizu patlamas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik de\u011fil i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u00a0\u00f6nlemlerinin eksikli\u011fine dair de \u00e7ok say\u0131da vurgu var. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Temmuz ay\u0131ndan itibaren\u00a0i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilirken meydana gelen 190 kazan\u0131n 72\u2019sinin (y\u00fczde 38) g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fckler\u00a0nedeniyle, 81\u2019inin (y\u00fczde 43) d\u00fc\u015fme, \u00e7arpma, yuvarlanma, kayma gibi muhtelif nedenlerle,\u00a010 tanesinin (y\u00fczde 5) malzeme ta\u015f\u0131ma, kullanma esnas\u0131nda, yedisinin el ile nakliyat,\u00a0d\u00f6rd\u00fcn\u00fcn mekanik nakliyat, be\u015finin makine elektrik nedeniyle oldu\u011fu bilgisi payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u00a0(sf.20). Raporda m\u00fcessesedeki kaza oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceki y\u0131la k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 70 artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade\u00a0edilmi\u015ftir. Raporun bulgu ve \u00f6neriler k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer alan ve ikinci bulgu olarak tespit edilen<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u201cAyaklarda yeterli say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i tertip edilememesi nedeniyle \u00fcretim ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc verimliliklerinin\u00a0d\u00fc\u015fmesi\u201d maddesinde \u201cM\u00fcessesede, i\u015f zorlu\u011fu nedeniyle kanuni gerekliliklerin yerine\u00a0<\/i>getirilmesi durumunda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin derhal emeklilik hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 nedeni ile azalan i\u015f\u00e7i\u00a0<\/i>say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, k\u00f6m\u00fcr kaz\u0131 faaliyetinin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklarda yeterli say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i tertip\u00a0<\/i>edilemedi\u011fi, bu durumun ba\u015fta i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi olmak \u00fczere \u00fcretim ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc verimliliklerini\u00a0<\/i>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<\/i>\u201d uyar\u0131s\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yor (sf.49).<\/div>\n
Raporda 2019 y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla 2014 tarihli norm kadroya g\u00f6re belirgin bir i\u015f\u00e7i a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0oldu\u011fu ve \u00fc\u00e7 vardiya tertip yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu durumun \u00fcretim ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fini etkiledi\u011fi\u00a0de tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
kritik arizalar 1<\/div>\n
Personel yetersizli\u011finin g\u00fcnd\u00fcz vardiyas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki olas\u0131 ar\u0131zalara an\u0131nda m\u00fcdahale\u00a0edilmemesine neden oldu\u011fu uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporda i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131ndaki sorunun bir an evvel\u00a0\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
personel eksikligi<\/div>\n
Raporda ayaklarda yeterli say\u0131da ekip olu\u015fturulmamas\u0131n\u0131n yeralt\u0131 k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00a0madencili\u011finde arzulanmayan durumlara neden oldu\u011fu ve g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fck, ar\u0131n akmas\u0131, ar\u0131n kaymas\u0131\u00a0gibi durumlara duyars\u0131zla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f kazalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131 da yap\u0131l\u0131yor. Gerekli<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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bilimsel ve teknolojik tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Maden M\u00fchendisleri\u00a0Odas\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131 Y\u00fcksel\u2019e g\u00f6re ise T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme politikalar\u0131 nedeniyle T\u00fcrkiye Ta\u015f\u00a0K\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Kurumu\u2019nda istihdam say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma var. Bu da i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan problemler\u00a0yarat\u0131yor.<\/div>\n
ayak sorunu<\/div>\n
\u201cTozlar\u0131n s\u00fcrekli ortamda dola\u015fmas\u0131 infilak riskini y\u00fckseltiyor\u201d
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Rapordaki yedinci bulguda tozla m\u00fccadele y\u00f6netmeli\u011finde belirtilen maruziyet s\u0131n\u0131r\u00a0de\u011ferlerinin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine yer verilmi\u015f ve durum ya\u015fanan \u00f6rneklerle de kayda ge\u00e7irilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
infilak riski<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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toz<\/div>\n
Benzer bir bulgu 2018 raporunda da yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Raporun 61\u2019inci sayfas\u0131nda\u00a0\u201cM\u00fcessese i\u015fyerlerinde \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve E\u011fitim Daire Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nca yap\u0131lan toz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00a0<\/i>sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan her ne kadar y\u0131l ortalamas\u0131 1.32 mg\/m\u00b3 olsa da al\u0131nan \u00f6nlemlere ra\u011fmen\u00a0<\/i>dinamik ortamda zaman zaman ilgili y\u00f6netmelik maruziyet s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011feri olan 2,4 mg\/m\u00b3\u00a0<\/i>de\u011ferinin a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/i>\u201d denilmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
\u0130\u015fletmede 2019 y\u0131l sonu itibar\u0131yla meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 (pn\u00f6mokonyoz) tan\u0131s\u0131 konulmu\u015f\u00a0d\u00f6rt i\u015f\u00e7inin bulundu\u011fu, 39 i\u015f\u00e7inin de hen\u00fcz tan\u0131 konulmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015f\u00fcpheli durumda\u00a0oldu\u011funun da alt\u0131 \u00e7iziliyor.<\/div>\n
Grizu patlamas\u0131 nedir?
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Say\u0131\u015ftay’\u0131n uyar\u0131lar\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda ne gibi \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmese de madendeki\u00a0gaz oran\u0131ndaki y\u00fckselme b\u00fcy\u00fck risk olu\u015fturuyor. Genellikle k\u00f6m\u00fcr ocaklar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclen metan\u00a0gaz\u0131n\u0131n havadaki oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 4 ila 15 civar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde grizu patlamas\u0131 ya\u015fanabiliyor\u00a0(sf.12). Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bug\u00fcne madenlerde meydana gelen kazalarda \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u00a0ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yak\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fe bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrkiye’de 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda Zonguldak Kozlu’da 262<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, 301 i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi Soma, 2014’teki Ermenek kazas\u0131 ak\u0131llara\u00a0ilk gelenlerdendir.\u00a02010’da \u015eili’deki maden kazas\u0131 ve 33 madencinin g\u00fcnler sonra\u00a0<\/b>kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ise ortak haf\u0131zan\u0131n \u00f6nemli konular\u0131ndand\u0131r<\/b>2.<\/div>\n
G\u00fcncelleme: 18\/10\/2022<\/div>\n
https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz-sayistayin-amasradaki-madenle-ilgili-2019-yilinda-uyarida-bulundugu-iddiasi<\/div>\n
G\u0130R\u0130\u015e
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Yerkabu\u011funun farkl\u0131 derinliklerinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan ekonomik de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131yan mineral ve\u00a0elementler maden (maden \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc) olarak bilinir. Baz\u0131 madenlerden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan mineraller\u00a0do\u011frudan kullan\u0131ma girebilir (k\u00f6m\u00fcr, ta\u015f, mermer, fosfat, k\u00fck\u00fcrt vs), baz\u0131lar\u0131 ise toprak ve ta\u015f\u00a0ile kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan cevherden ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra kullan\u0131l\u0131r (kur\u015fun, demir, bak\u0131r,\u00a0alt\u0131n vs). Madenler b\u00fct\u00fcn end\u00fcstri kollar\u0131n\u0131n temelidir. Hemen b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkelerde bir t\u00fcr\u00a0madencilik i\u015fi vard\u0131r ve baz\u0131 \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in madencilik \u00fclkenin ba\u015fl\u0131ca gelir kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Maden\u00a0yataklar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olan \u00fclkeler ekonomik olarak da zengin olan \u00fclkelerdir. D\u00fcnyada\u00a0ABD, \u00c7in, G\u00fcney Afrika, Kanada, Avustralya ve Rusya zengin maden yataklar\u0131na sahip olan\u00a0\u00fclkelerdir. \u00d6te yandan maden \u00fcretimine girmemekle birlikte yeralt\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan petrol\u00a0bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zengin olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt, \u0130ran ve Rusya ilk s\u0131ralarda\u00a0yer almaktad\u0131r. Madencilik i\u015fletmeleri, say\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok fazla olmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmelerdir. D\u00fcnya\u00a0maden \u00fcretiminin %80’den fazlas\u0131 az say\u0131daki b\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015fletmeler taraf\u0131ndan, kalan %15-20\u00a0kadar\u0131 ise \u00e7ok say\u0131daki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u015fletmeler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Madencilik alan\u0131nda alt\u00a0i\u015fveren ili\u015fkisi de olduk\u00e7a yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve linyit madencili\u011finde d\u00f6rt\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan birisi alt i\u015fveren eleman\u0131 olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye madencilik alan\u0131nda\u00a0kendine yeterli \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnyada \u00fcretimi yap\u0131lan 90 \u00e7e\u015fit\u00a0madenin 60 tanesi T\u00fcrkiye’de de \u00fcretilmektedir. D\u00fcnya end\u00fcstriyel hammadde rezervle-\u00a0rinin %2,5’i, 1 k\u00f6m\u00fcr rezervlerinin %1’i, jeotermal enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n %0,8’i ve metalik\u00a0maden rezervlerinin %0,4’\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye’dedir. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MTA)\u00a0verilerine g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye, d\u00fcnyada maden \u00fcretimi yapan 132 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda maden \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi\u00a0bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 10. s\u0131rada, \u00fcretim de\u011feri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da 28. s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r. Madencilik\u00a0sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn yurt i\u00e7i toplam \u00fcretim (GSYH; Gayri Safi Yurti\u00e7i H\u00e2s\u0131la) i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 %1,5\u00a0dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada elde edilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve di\u011fer madenlerin toplam\u0131 her y\u0131l 23 milyar\u00a0ton dolay\u0131ndad\u0131r. Madenlerin toplam istihdam i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 fazla de\u011fildir. Madencilik \u00f6teden<\/div>\n
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2\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz-sayistayin-amasradaki-madenle-ilgili-2019-yilinda-uyarida-bulundugu-iddiasi<\/a>\u00a0G\u00fcncelleme: 18\/10\/2022<\/div>\n
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beri kirli ve tehlikeli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelinde b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n %1 kadar\u0131\u00a0madencilikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00f6l\u00fcmle sonlanan i\u015f kazalar\u0131n\u0131n %8’i madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde\u00a0meydana gelir. Ancak madencilik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki \u00fccretlerin di\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131, kaza riskine ra\u011fmen bu alan\u0131 cazip hale getirmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca madenlerle ilgili\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda at\u0131k madde sorunu vard\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye’de 2014 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle madencilik alan\u0131nda\u00a0faaliyet g\u00f6steren toplam 6741 i\u015fletme vard\u0131r. Bu i\u015fletmelerin 717 tanesi k\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011fi,\u00a0942 tanesi metal cevheri madencili\u011fi ve 4555 tanesi de di\u011fer madencilik ve ta\u015f ocak\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir. Madencilik alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren i\u015fletmeler \u00fclkedeki\u00a0toplam i\u015fyerleri i\u00e7inde %0,4l\u00fck pay almaktad\u0131r. Madencilik alan\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren bu\u00a0i\u015fletmelerde toplam olarak 132 318 ki\u015fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Madencilik alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u00a0toplam i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7indeki pay\u0131 da %l\u2019dir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00f6m\u00fcr madencili\u011fi (41\u00a0058 ki\u015fi) ve di\u011fer madencilik ile ta\u015f ocaklar\u0131nda (56 250 ki\u015fi) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlard\u0131r3.<\/div>\n
\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Sanayi devrimi ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eu an geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkeler\u00a01. ve 2. sanayi devrimi d\u00f6nemlerinde bug\u00fcn geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin durumunu ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve\u00a0geride b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Tahmin edilece\u011fi \u00fczere T\u00fcrkiye hen\u00fcz 2. Sanayi Devrimi d\u00f6nemini\u00a0ya\u015famakta 3. d\u00f6neme ise ad\u0131m att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam s\u00f6ylenememektedir. Nuray Celik & Fatih \u00d6zt\u00fcrk,\u00a0The Upcoming \u0130ssues Of \u0130ndustry 4.0 On Occupational Health And Safety Specialized \u0130n\u00a0Turkey Example, isimli makalelerinde sanayi devrimlerini s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r: Nuray Celik\u00a0& Fatih \u00d6zt\u00fcrk \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda \u201cD\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc End\u00fcstri Devriminde\u201d \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve G\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u00a0Konusunda T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6rne\u011fini de\u011ferlendirmi\u015flerdir.<\/div>\n
Yazarlara g\u00f6re Sanayi Devrimi, b\u00fcy\u00fck n\u00fcfusun \u015fehirlerde birikmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f, \u00fclke\u00a0genelinde tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k yerle\u015fim yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Kentlerdeki\u00a0n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan hem de t\u00fcketen insanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0iyile\u015fmeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imlerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi nedeniyle ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u00a0h\u0131zlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan hayat\u0131nda sosyoekonomik ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7an Sanayi Devrimi\u00a0uzun bir zaman diliminde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve\u00a0etkileri olan \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 sanayi devriminden bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/div>\n
1-) Birinci Sanayi Devrimi<\/div>\n
1760-1830 d\u00f6nemini etkileyen Birinci Sanayi Devrimi, \u0130ngiltere’de dokuma\u00a0tezgahlar\u0131n\u0131n mekanizasyonu ile etkisini g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, odun yerine\u00a0maden ve buhar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, hareket g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn, mekanizasyonun ve \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fabrikaya\u00a0ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Eski tarz aile i\u015fletmeleri ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim tesisleri\u00a0yerlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck fabrikada b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
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3 Nazmi Bilir, \u0130\u015f Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi, G\u00fcne\u015f T\u0131p Kitapevleri, Ankara, 2016, Madenlerde i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f\u00a0g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, 371- 372.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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2-) \u0130kinci Sanayi Devrimi<\/div>\n
Buhar, k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve demirin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7elik, elektrik, petrol ve kimyasallar\u0131n \u00fcretime\u00a0girmesi, sanayide kullan\u0131lan temel hammadde ve enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f,\u00a0bu da ikinci sanayi devrimini beraberinde getirmi\u015ftir. Elektrik teknolojisinin geli\u015fmesi ve\u00a0\u00fcretim hatlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcnden \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olan bu yeni ve \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00a0teknolojinin makineleri daha da geli\u015ftirmesini ve b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda \u00fcretimi art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca petrol de enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve petrol bazl\u0131 i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131\u00a0motorlar da kendini end\u00fcstriye yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Bu do\u011frultuda fabrikalara seri \u00fcretime\u00a0ge\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde seri \u00fcretimin en bilinen ve \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden biri Ford Motor\u00a0Company’den Henry Ford’dur. Henry Ford’un otomotiv seri \u00fcretim sistemi h\u0131zla\u00a0sanayile\u015fmeyi geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
3-) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Sanayi Devrimi<\/div>\n
1970’lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Sanayi Devrimi egemen olmu\u015ftur. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya\u00a0Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra elektronik, bilgi ve ileti\u015fim teknolojilerinin geli\u015fmesiyle \u00fcretimin\u00a0otomasyonu sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Programlanabilir lojik kontrol\u00f6rlerin (PLC) geli\u015ftirilmesi\u00a0sonucunda \u00fcretimde otomasyon ilerlemeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/div>\n
Birinci Sanayi Devrimi Mekanizmas\u0131, \u0130kinci Sanayi Devrimi’nin serile\u015ftirilmesi,\u00a0\u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Sanayi Devrimi ise \u00fcretimin otomasyonu ve dijitalle\u015fmesi olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0Enerji kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak; Birinci sanayi devriminde k\u00f6m\u00fcr, su ve buhar g\u00fcc\u00fc; \u0130kinci Sanayi\u00a0Devrimi’nde petrol ve elektrik \u00f6n plandayken, \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc Sanayi Devrimi’nde g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczg\u00e2r\u00a0gibi yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131, yeniden \u00fcretilemez kaynaklar ve \u00e7evresel kayg\u0131larla daha\u00a0da \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u015firketler ve \u00fclkeler, farkl\u0131 t\u00fcketici tercihlerine\u00a0cevap verme esnekli\u011fini g\u00f6sterebilmi\u015ftir. \u0130leti\u015fim ve ula\u015f\u0131m, ticaret ve sanayideki geli\u015fmeler\u00a0k\u00fcreselle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/div>\n
4-) D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Sanayi Devrimi, end\u00fcstride, genellikle makinelere ihtiya\u00e7 duyar,\u00a0b\u00f6ylece kendilerini ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini hi\u00e7 ayr\u0131lmadan y\u00f6netmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Makinelerin\u00a0bu \u00fcst d\u00fczey ve g\u00fcncel yap\u0131lar\u0131; bilgisayar, ileti\u015fim ve internet teknolojilerinin\u00a0harmanlanmas\u0131ndan do\u011fan, nesnelerin interneti gibi karma teknolojiye ba\u011fl\u0131 siber-fiziksel\u00a0sistemlerdir. Bu devrimin benimsenmesi ve insanl\u0131k taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmesi sonucunda,\u00a0sanayinin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen seviye, \u00fcretimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren fabrikalar\u0131n kendi kendini\u00a0y\u00f6netmesidir. M\u00fc\u015fterinin sipari\u015finin al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fc\u015fteriye teslimine kadar ge\u00e7en\u00a0s\u00fcrenin tam otomasyonunun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0Yine makineler ar\u0131zaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0<\/b>bir teknisyen arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla de\u011fil kendi kendilerini tamir edebiliyorlar. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir\u00a0<\/b>gelecekte, verimlili\u011fi ve tasarrufu art\u0131racak ayd\u0131nlatma ve \u0131s\u0131tma sistemlerinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0<\/b>karanl\u0131k fabrikalar bu devrimi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilecektir.<\/b>\u00a0Yeni bir kavram olarak End\u00fcstri<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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4.0, ilk olarak 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hannover End\u00fcstri Fuar\u0131’nda tan\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u00a0taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmi\u015ftir. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc sanayi devrimi, \u00f6nceki \u00fc\u00e7 sanayi devrimiyle\u00a0kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, CPS (siber-fiziksel sistem) ve \u201cNesnelerin \u0130nterneti\u201d ilkelerine dayal\u0131\u00a0ak\u0131ll\u0131 \u00fcretimi hedefliyor. End\u00fcstri 4.0, mod\u00fcler ak\u0131ll\u0131 fabrikalarda fiziksel s\u00fcre\u00e7leri siber-fiziksel sistemlerle izleyerek nesnelerin birbirleriyle ve insanlarla ileti\u015fim halinde kalmas\u0131n\u0131\u00a0ve merkezi olmayan kararlar almay\u0131 hedefliyor. \u00dcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine yepyeni bir boyut\u00a0kazand\u0131racak End\u00fcstri 4.0, fuarda duyurulmadan \u00f6nce Almanya E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma\u00a0Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (BMBF), \u00fclkenin mevcut konjonkt\u00fcrde ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek\u00a0i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u201cGelecek Projesi\u201d olarak bilinen bu projeler, \u201cY\u00fcksek\u00a0<\/b>Teknoloji Stratejisi 2020’nin Gelecek Projeleri<\/b>\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r4.<\/div>\n
D\u00fcnyada ve \u00fclkemizde sanayile\u015fme ve teknolojik geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak \u00f6zellikle\u00a0i\u015fyerlerinde \u00fcretken fakt\u00f6r olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili bir tak\u0131m\u00a0sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta fazla \u00f6nemsenmeyen bu sorunlar i\u015f verimini ve\u00a0i\u015fletmeyi tehlikeye sokmas\u0131yla \u00f6nem kazanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmesi gereklili\u011fi\u00a0do\u011fmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, i\u015f ortam\u0131nda sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratarak; i\u015f\u00a0kazalar\u0131 ve meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n en alt d\u00fczeye indirmek b\u00f6ylece maddi kay\u0131plar\u0131 \u00f6nleme, i\u015f\u00a0verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rma hedefleri ile hareket edilmektedir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir ya\u015fam \u00e7evresi\u00a0i\u00e7in gereken sa\u011fl\u0131k kurallar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erirken; i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, daha \u00e7ok i\u015f\u00e7inin ya\u015fam\u0131na ve v\u00fccut\u00a0b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik tehlikelerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli teknik kurallar\u0131 ele al\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i\u00a0sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi uygulamas\u0131 D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO), Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u00a0(ILO) gibi kurulu\u015flar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme, direktif ve bildirgeleri nedeniyle de bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede yasal bir\u00a0gerekliliktir. WHO ve ILO’nun 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi tan\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re\u00a0\u201ci\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve i\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi<\/b>\u201d \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r; \u201ct\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bedensel, ruhsal,\u00a0<\/b>toplumsal sa\u011fl\u0131k ve refahlar\u0131n\u0131n en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye y\u00fckseltilmesi ve bu durumun korunmas\u0131,\u00a0<\/b>i\u015fyeri ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7evrenin ve \u00fcretilen mallar\u0131n meydana getirdi\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131\u00a0<\/b>sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yaralanmalara ve kazalara maruz\u00a0<\/b>b\u0131rakacak risk etmenlerin \u00f6nlenmesi, yine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bedensel ve ruhsal \u00f6zelliklerine\u00a0<\/b>uygun i\u015flere yerle\u015ftirilmesi ve sonu\u00e7 olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin bedensel ve ruhsal gereksinimlerine\u00a0<\/b>uygun bir i\u015f ortam\u0131 yarat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r<\/b>\u201d. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruma,\u00a0s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme ve \u00fcst d\u00fczeye ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kapsar. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar deyimi asl\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fik\u00a0sekt\u00f6rlerin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kapsar. Tar\u0131mda, sanayide, ticarette ve hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u00a0t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n konusu i\u00e7inde ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Ancak, sanayide \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u015f yerlerindeki\u00a0\u00e7evresel ko\u015fullar nedeniyle daha \u00e7ok say\u0131da, daha a\u011f\u0131r sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikeleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya<\/div>\n
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4Nuray Celik &Fatih \u00d6ZT\u00dcRK, The Upcoming \u0130ssues Of \u0130ndustry 4.0 On Occupational Health And Safety\u00a0Specialized \u0130n Turkey Example, International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research Vol. 1,\u00a0No. 05; 2017, pp.236-256.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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11 \/ 32<\/div>\n
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bulunduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu sekt\u00f6re \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. O nedenle kimi zaman, i\u015f\u00a0sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile end\u00fcstri sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 terimleri e\u015f anlaml\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetleri\u00a0sonucunda i\u015f\u00e7iler sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 olu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecekleri i\u00e7in, hastal\u0131k ve sakatl\u0131klar nedeniyle i\u015ften\u00a0geri kalma sorunu ortadan kalkar. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015f ortam\u0131n\u0131n daha g\u00fcvenli ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011fa uygun duruma\u00a0getirilmesi sonucu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 artar. Bu geli\u015fmeler sonucunda i\u015f\u00a0yerindeki \u00fcretim ve verim y\u00fckselir.<\/div>\n
\u00a0\u0130\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131;
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-\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal y\u00f6nden tam iyilik durumlar\u0131n\u0131n (yani sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n)\u00a0en y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak<\/div>\n
-\u0130\u015f ve i\u015f\u00e7i uyumunu sa\u011flamak<\/div>\n
-\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndaki sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikelerini belirlemek ve bunlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya\u00a0\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak<\/div>\n
-\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin sa\u011fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bozulmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek<\/div>\n
Bu ama\u00e7lardan da anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131\u00a0sorunlarla ilgilenmez, i\u015f\u00e7inin ve ailesinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bozabilecek di\u011fer sosyal ve ekonomik\u00a0ko\u015fullarla da ilgilenir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sosyal ve ekonomik sorunlar i\u015f\u00e7inin hastalanmas\u0131na ve i\u015f\u00a0veriminin azalmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu durumdaki bir i\u015f\u00e7i i\u015fini kaybedebilir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, sosyal\u00a0sorunlar daha da a\u011f\u0131rla\u015fabilir. Sonu\u00e7ta, yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7inin kendisini ve ailesinin sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0bozulmakla ve i\u015f verimi d\u00fc\u015fmekle kalmaz, bu durum toplumun genelini ilgilendiren bir sorun\u00a0olur. Bu boyutu nedeniyle i\u015f\u00e7i sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumun t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ilgilendiren bir \u201chalk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/b>\u201d\u00a0konusudur5.\u00a0T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Y\u00fcksek \u00d6\u011fretim Kurulu (Y\u00d6K), Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve\u00a0<\/b>Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Yerel Y\u00f6netimler, Sivil Toplum Kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ve Sendikalar\u0131n\u00a0<\/b>i\u015f birli\u011fi ile Koruyucu Hekimlik, Halk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f Yeri Hekimli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi,\u00a0<\/b>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f G\u00fcvenli\u011fi sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r. Teknolojik\u00a0<\/b>afetlerde do\u011fal afetlerde oldu\u011fu gibi risk y\u00f6netimi kriz y\u00f6netimden \u00f6nce gelmektedir.\u00a0<\/b>Kurumlar elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 sadece kriz y\u00f6netimine g\u00f6re yeti\u015ftirilirse her afette can kayb\u0131\u00a0<\/b>daha \u00e7ok olacakt\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye risk y\u00f6netimine \u00f6nem vermeli \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u0130\u015f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi\u00a0<\/b>buna g\u00f6re planlamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/b><\/div>\n
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K\u00d6M\u00dcR MADENC\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130 ve KAZALAR
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Fatih Yilmaz & Selcuk Alp, \u201cUnderlying Factors of Occupational Accidents: The\u00a0Case of Turkey\u201d, isimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, T\u00fcrkiye \u00d6rne\u011finde \u0130\u015f Kazalar\u0131n\u0131n Alt\u0131nda Olan<\/div>\n
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5 Cengiz Yak\u0131nc\u0131, Erdem Ye\u015filada (Edit\u00f6rler), \u00a0Koruyucu Sa\u011fl\u0131k Rehberi, T\u00fcrk Eczac\u0131lar Birli\u011fi Eczac\u0131l\u0131k\u00a0Akademisi Yay\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r, Ankara, 2012.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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DR. H\u0130LM\u0130 \u00d6ZDEN \u201cAmasra K\u00f6m\u00fcr Madeni Kazas\u0131nda Hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 Kaybeden Karde\u015flerimize Allah\u2019tan\u00a0Rahmet Kederli Ailelerine ve T\u00fcrk Milletine Sab\u0131rlar Dileriz\u201d G\u00dcNDEM:\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz1 sayfas\u0131nda Say\u0131\u015ftay Raporlar\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0Amasra\u2019daki maden facias\u0131 \u00f6ncesi tutanaklar\u0131n\u0131n ve uyar\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n maalesef dikkate\u00a0al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.\u00a0https:\/\/teyit.org\/analiz\u00a0sitesinde deliller ve belgeler herkesin\u00a0anlayaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Bart\u0131n\u2019\u0131n Amasra il\u00e7esindeki T\u00fcrkiye Ta\u015fk\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc Kurumu Amasra M\u00fcessese\u00a0M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019ne ait maden oca\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fanan grizu patlamas\u0131nda 41 maden i\u015f\u00e7isi hayat\u0131n\u0131\u00a0kaybetti. …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-278040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-kose-yazilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=278040"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278040\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=278040"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=278040"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=278040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}