D\u00d6RT \u015eA\u0130R VE YAZARDAN SULTAN II. ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130D HAKKINDA TEESS\u00dcRNAME VE \u0130ST\u0130MDATNAMELER\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u00fcleyman KOCABA\u015e<\/strong><\/p>\n

kocabassuleyman@gmail.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devletinin \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u201d denilen en buhranl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 33 y\u0131l (1876- 1909) s\u00fcren padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f, denilebilir ki, d\u0131\u015ftan ve i\u00e7ten sald\u0131r\u0131larla d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7at\u0131rdayan, buhranlar i\u00e7inde k\u0131vranan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, usta politikas\u0131 ve diplomasisi ile uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fatmay\u0131 ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f, bu d\u00f6nemi i\u00e7inde, i\u00e7te ve d\u0131\u015fta onun sevenleri ve sevmeyenleri olmu\u015ftur. Sultan\u2019\u0131n ad\u0131na \u201c\u0130stibdat\u201d denilen bask\u0131 y\u00f6netimi sebebiyle i\u00e7te, \u00fclke ve devletin kurtulu\u015funu Me\u015frutiyet rejiminin uygulanmas\u0131nda g\u00f6ren, genelde sivil \u2013 asker gen\u00e7 b\u00fcrokratlar ve gen\u00e7li\u011fe inhisar eden ona kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k sebebiyle, II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikeler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bile onun bu haline sevinen, tehlikeleri atlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fcz\u00fcn duyan ve \u00fcz\u00fclen kimseler olmu\u015f, hatta bu u\u011furda onun hakk\u0131nda teess\u00fcrnameler yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Teess\u00fcr, Arap\u00e7a bir kelime olup \u201ch\u00fcz\u00fcn ve keder duyma\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bir olay kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda duyulan h\u00fcz\u00fcn ve kederi manzum olarak dile getirmeye edebiyat\u0131m\u0131zda \u201cteess\u00fcrname denilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid hakk\u0131nda teess\u00fcrnameler,\u00a0 padi\u015fahl\u0131k d\u00f6neninde onun kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tehlikelere sevinmek veya y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 olarak ona d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k beslemek \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\n
1. Abd\u00fclhamid hakk\u0131nda \u201c\u0130stimdatnameler\u201d ise, Sultan padi\u015fahl\u0131ktan d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fckten, devlet ve \u00fclke Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6nemi (1908 \u2013 1918) parti ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerinin elinde batt\u0131ktan sonra, ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar ve ac\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Sultan\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130stibdat\u201d d\u00f6nemini aramaya y\u00f6nelik ona \u00f6vg\u00fc ve \u00f6zlem dolu \u015fiirler olmu\u015ftur. \u0130stimdat, Arap\u00e7a bir kelime olup, \u201cbirinden yard\u0131m isteme\u201d anlam\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n manzum olanlar\u0131na \u201c\u0130stimdatname\u201d denilmi\u015ftir. Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in padi\u015fahl\u0131k ve sonras\u0131 d\u00f6neminde onun hakk\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok teess\u00fcrnameler ve istimdatnameler vard\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bunlardan,\u00a0 Sultan\u2019\u0131n d\u00f6nemini ive sonras\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt \u015fair ve yazar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu yazd\u0131klar\u0131ndan\u00a0 bahsedece\u011fiz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tevfik Fikret\u2019in\u00a0 Teess\u00fcrnamesi<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, Ermeni Komitac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n vatan b\u00f6lmeye y\u00f6nelik isyanlar\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkili tedbirlerle bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131\u00a0 i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu komitac\u0131lar, II. Abd\u00fclhamid i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece emellerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremeyecekleri i\u00e7in onu \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye karar vermi\u015fler, bu u\u011furda\u00a0 5 Temmuz 1905\u2019de ona\u00a0 Y\u0131ld\u0131z camiinde bir cuma namaz\u0131 vakti \u00a0ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z suikast giri\u015fiminde bulunmu\u015flard\u0131. Sultan\u2019\u0131n camiden \u00e7\u0131karken komitac\u0131lar\u0131n\u00a0 planlad\u0131klar\u0131 saate g\u00f6re 2 dakika 42 saniye gecikmesi\u00a0 ve bombalar\u0131n bu m\u00fcddet i\u00e7inde patlamas\u0131 sonucu\u00a0 onu \u00f6l\u00fcmden kurtarm\u0131\u015f, suikast\u0131n deh\u015fetine bak\u0131n\u0131z ki\u00a0 27 ki\u015fi \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015f, as\u0131l hedeflerinde olan Sultan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6lmemesine \u00fcz\u00fclm\u00fc\u015flerdi. \u0130\u015fin garip taraf\u0131, bu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa T\u00fcrklerden de \u00fcz\u00fclenlerin \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eair Tevfik Fikret\u2019in suikast g\u00fcn\u00fc \u201cduygulanarak\u201d yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201c Bir Lahza-i\u00a0 Teahh\u00fcr\u201d (Biraz Gecikme) ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fiiri, Padi\u015fah\u2019\u0131n \u015fahs\u0131nda \u201cT\u00fcrk Milleti\u2019ne suikast\u201d tan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmayan suikast kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u201cdevrin ayd\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d denilen Me\u015frutiyet taraftar\u0131 z\u00fcmrenin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gaflet, dalalet ve cehaletin bir \u201csimgesi\u201d olmu\u015ftur. Sekiz beyitten ibaret \u015fiirin baz\u0131\u00a0 beyit ve m\u0131sralar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Biraz Gecikme<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cBir darbe\u2026 Bir duman\u2026 Ve b\u00fct\u00fcn bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn alay\u0131.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bir baya\u011f\u0131 seyirci kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ha\u015fin, kudurmu\u015f,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kahreden bir g\u00fcc\u00fcn t\u0131rnaklar\u0131yla, didik\u00a0 didik,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y\u00fckseldi havalara bacak, kelle, kan, kemik\u2026<\/p>\n

   \n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ey say\u0131n patlay\u0131\u015f, ey intikamc\u0131 duman,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kimsin nesin?… Bu sald\u0131r\u0131\u015fa seni yollayan kim, sebep ne?<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arkanda binlerce g\u00f6zetleyen varken sen orada yoksun;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sen g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeyen, fakat kurtar\u0131c\u0131 bir eli and\u0131r\u0131yorsun.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Deh\u015fetle, as\u0131rlar\u0131n sakat g\u00f6renek ve b\u00e2t\u0131l an\u2019anelerini<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Silkerek milletleri en \u00e7etin uykular\u0131ndan uyand\u0131r\u0131rs\u0131n.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ey \u015fanl\u0131 avc\u0131, tuza\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyhude kurmad\u0131n;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Att\u0131n, fakat yaz\u0131k ki, yaz\u0131klar ki vurmad\u0131n !<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bir milleti \u00e7i\u011fnemekle bug\u00fcn e\u011flenen al\u00e7ak,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bu keyfiyetini biraz gecikme an\u0131na bor\u00e7ludur!\u201d (Tevfik\u00a0 Fikret, R\u00fcbab\u0131 \u015eikeste, \u0130nk\u0131lap ve Aka Kitabevleri, \u0130stanbul, 1962, s. 35-37)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u015eiir ismini, Sultan\u2019\u0131n \u015eeyh\u00fclisl\u00e2m Cemalettin Efendi ile cami i\u00e7inde \u00a0\u00a0az bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi, \u201cbiraz gecikme\u201d say\u0131lmas\u0131ndan alm\u0131\u015f, Sultan\u2019\u0131n bu \u201cbiraz gecikme\u201d kurtarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eiir\u2019de ge\u00e7en \u201c\u015fanl\u0131 avc\u0131\u201d Ermeni Komitac\u0131s\u0131, \u201cav, al\u00e7ak\u201d da II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019tir.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tevfik Fikret, bu u\u011fursuz \u015fiirini \u0130stibdat y\u00f6netimine kar\u015f\u0131 duydu\u011fu\u00a0 Sultan\u2019a d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle, Sultan \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrse ad\u0131 ge\u00e7en y\u00f6netimin ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kap\u0131larak yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Fikret,\u00a0 18 A\u011fustos 1915\u2019de de \u00f6ld\u00fc. Bu sebepten,\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019den sonra\u00a0 \u00fclke ve devletin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc daha b\u00fcy\u00fck ac\u0131lar\u0131 ve kay\u0131plar\u0131 g\u00f6remedi.\u00a0 Uzun ya\u015fay\u0131p g\u00f6rebilse idi, herhalde onun hakk\u0131nda a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz \u00fczere teess\u00fcrname\u00a0 yazan \u015fairler gibi\u00a0 o da\u00a0 istimdatnameler yazard\u0131.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0R\u0131za Tevfik\u2019in (B\u00f6l\u00fckba\u015f\u0131) \u0130stimdatnamesi<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tarihimizde \u201cFilozof R\u0131za\u201d lakab\u0131yla an\u0131lan R\u0131za Tevfik, 1869\u2019da Edirne\u2019de do\u011fdu. Mekteb \u2013i T\u0131bbiye\u2019yi bitirdi. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. Me\u015frutiyet ilan edilince Edirne mebusu se\u00e7ildi. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131larla ihtilafa d\u00fc\u015ferek onlardan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130tilaf Partisi\u2019ne kat\u0131ld\u0131. M\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminde\u00a0 bakanl\u0131k ve Meclis ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131.\u00a0 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Paris\u2019te Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalayanlar aras\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu i\u00e7in Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde 150\u2019likler listesine dahil edilerek Osmanl\u0131 Hanedan\u0131 ile birlikte yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. Hicaz, Amerika ve \u00dcrd\u00fcn\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc kendi d\u00f6neminde\u00a0 baz\u0131 150\u2019likler i\u00e7in af \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131nca yurda d\u00f6nd\u00fc. 1949\u2019da \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u201cBiraz da Ben Konu\u015fay\u0131m\u201d isimli hat\u0131ra kitab\u0131nda kendisini savunur. \u015eiirlerini \u201cSerab-\u0131 \u00d6mr\u00fcm\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda toplad\u0131. R\u0131za Tevfik\u2019in Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid hakk\u0131ndaki istimdatnamesi \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan Hamid\u2019in Ruhaniyetinden \u0130stimdat<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNerdesin, \u015fevketli Sultan Hamid Han<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Feryad\u0131m var\u0131r m\u0131 barigah\u0131na<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6l\u00fcm uykusundan bir lahza uyan,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eu nank\u00f6r milletin bak g\u00fcnah\u0131na!<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tarihler ismini and\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sana hak verecek, ey koca Sultan;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizdik utanmadan iftira atan,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arz\u0131n en siyasi Padi\u015fah\u0131na!<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Padi\u015fah her zaman z\u00e2lim dedik;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130htilale k\u0131yam etmeli dedik;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eeytan ne dediyse, biz belli dedik,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k fitnenin intibah\u0131na!<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Divane sen de\u011fil, me\u011fer bizmi\u015fiz;<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bir \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck ipli\u011fe\u00a0 h\u00fclya dizmi\u015fiz,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sade \u00e2di de\u011fil, edepsizmi\u015fiz,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00fck\u00fcrd\u00fck atalar k\u0131blegah\u0131na!…\u201d (Necip Faz\u0131l K\u0131sak\u00fcrek, Bab\u0131\u00e2li,\u00a0 B\u00fcy\u00fck Do\u011fu Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1986, s. 309 \u2013 310, Prof. Dr. Osmanl\u0131 Turan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Siyasi Buhran\u0131n Kaynaklar\u0131, \u0130stanbul Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1969, s. 54)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019in Teess\u00fcrname\u00a0 ve \u0130stimdatnamesi<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eair, yazar ve devlet adam\u0131 S\u00fcleyman Nazif,\u00a0 29 Ocak 1870\u2019de Diyarbak\u0131r\u2019da do\u011fdu. Do\u011fum b\u00f6lgesinde \u00f6zel e\u011fitim alarak kendisini yeti\u015ftirdi. Gen\u00e7li\u011finde edebiyata merak sard\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli dergi ve gazetelerde \u015fiir ve nesir yaz\u0131lar yazd\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek burada J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin Me\u015frutiyet m\u00fccadelesini kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n d\u00f6neminde onlar\u0131n\u00a0 Basra, Kastamonu, Trabzon, Musul, Ba\u011fdat valiliklerini yapt\u0131. M\u00fctareke d\u00f6neminde \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin \u0130stanbul\u2019u i\u015fgalini Hadisat gazetesinde 23 Kas\u0131m 1918\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cKara Bir G\u00fcn\u201d isimli \u00fcnl\u00fc yaz\u0131s\u0131 ile tenkit etti. \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan Malta\u2019ya s\u00fcr\u00fclenler aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131. 4 Ocak 1927\u2019de \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S\u00fcleyman Nazif, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerle Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 Me\u015frutiyet m\u00fccadelesi verirken, A\u011fustos 1897\u2019de yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cEy Ebnay\u0131 Vatan\u201d (Ey Vatan O\u011fullar\u0131), isimli \u015fiirinde Sultan\u2019\u0131n \u201c\u0130stibdat\u201d y\u00f6netiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine kadar varan isteklerde bulunur. Bunu y\u00f6nelik bir k\u0131s\u0131m beyit ve m\u0131sralar \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ey Ebnay\u0131 Vatan<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u0130\u015fte g\u00fclzar\u0131 (g\u00fcl bah\u00e7esi) vatan mahvoldu \u0130stibdat ile<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bizden istimdat eder her zerre feryat ile<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ge\u00e7mesin eyyam\u0131m\u0131z (g\u00fcnlerimiz) beyhude istimdat ile<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Pen\u00e7ele\u015fmek muktaz\u0131 gaddar ile, biat ile.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Zulm\u00fc \u0130stibdat devri derd\u00fc yes\u2019e eyyam\u0131d\u0131r<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Arkada\u015flar!… Kan d\u00f6k\u00fcn kan d\u00f6kmenin hengam\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d (Hilmi Y\u00fcceba\u015f, S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019ten Hat\u0131ralar, Dizerkonca Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1957, s. 125)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Me\u015frutiyetini ilan\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinde Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in y\u00f6netimini yerin dibine bat\u0131ran ve y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kan akmas\u0131n\u0131 bile isteyen S\u00fcleyman Nazif\u2019in,\u00a0 Me\u015frutiyet ilan edilip \u00fclke y\u00f6netimine \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar h\u00e2kim olunca, bunlar d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar ve facialar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bu sefer de di\u011fer bir k\u0131s\u0131m J\u00f6n T\u00fcrkler gibi II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019den \u201c\u0130stimdat\u201d istemesi ilgin\u00e7tir ki, bunu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fiirinde dile getirmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan Hamid\u2019e \u015eark\u0131<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cPadi\u015fah\u0131m gelmi\u015fken y\u00e2da (anma) biz<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130\u015fte geldik senden istimdada biz<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fcrler basarsak feryada biz<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hasret olduk eski \u0130stibdada biz.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dembedem (hiddetli) co\u015fmakta fakr \u2013 u ihtiya\u00e7<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Her ocak s\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve susmu\u015f, millet a\u00e7<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Memleket matemde \u00f6ks\u00fcz taht \u2013u ta\u00e7<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hasret olduk devri \u0130stibdada biz.\u201d (Y\u00fcceba\u015f, \u00a0s. 125)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Mehmet Akif Ersoy\u2019un\u00a0 Teess\u00fcrname ve \u0130stimdatnamesi<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n yazar\u0131, milli \u015fairimiz Mehmet Akif Ersoy (1873 \u2013 1936) S\u00fcleyman Nazif gibi, ilkin Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in \u201c\u0130stibdat\u201d y\u00f6netiminin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, Sultan\u2019\u0131n aleyhine \u015fiirler yazm\u0131\u015f, ard\u0131ndan Me\u015frutiyet d\u00f6neminde \u00fclkenin i\u00e7ine d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc felaketi g\u00f6rerek o da sonunda II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in devrine \u00f6zlemini dile getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201c\u0130stibdat\u201d isimli \u015fiirinde Sultan\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimini \u015f\u00f6yle yerin dibine bat\u0131r\u0131r:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0130stibdat<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u201cY\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131n, gittin amma ey m\u00fclevves devr-i istibdat (kirli istibdat devri)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u0131rakt\u0131n milletin kalbinde \u00e7\u0131kmaz bir m\u00fclevves y\u00e2d (k\u00f6t\u00fc bir hat\u0131ra)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Diyor ecdad\u0131m\u0131z makberlerinden (mezarlar\u0131ndan) ey sefil ahfat (o\u011fullar)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ni\u00e7in binlerce masum \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken her gelen cellad\u2026<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Otuz \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l devam etsin, ba\u015f\u0131ndan gitmesin nekbet (felaket))\u2026<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bir ibrettin amma olmayayd\u0131k b\u00f6yle bir ibret!\u201d (Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Safahat,\u00a0 \u0130nk\u0131lap ve Aka Kitabevleri, \u0130stanbul, 1973, s. 85)<\/p>\n

   \n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mehmet Akif, bir ba\u015fka \u015fiirinde ise \u0130stimdatname olarak Me\u015frutiyet devrinde ya\u015fanan felaketler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda\u00a0 II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in d\u00f6nemine \u00f6zlemini \u015f\u00f6yle dile getirir:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cNas\u0131l da kadrini vaktiyle bilmedik tuhaf i\u015f:<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Semer de\u011filmi\u015f o rahmetlininki devletmi\u015f<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2018Devr-i Sab\u0131k\u2019 m\u0131\u00a0 (\u0130stibdat Devri) dedin \u015fimdi? Elindeyse \u00e7evir,<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ensesinden tutup eyyam\u0131 da (g\u00fcnleri de) gelsin o devir.\u201d (Ersoy, s. 387)<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in\u00a0 saltanat\u0131n\u0131n ilk y\u0131llar\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u201c\u00c7evre\u201d sinden toprak kay\u0131plar\u0131na u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, felaketler ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, 1877-78\u00a0 T\u00fcrk \u2013Rus Harbinden yenik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca,\u00a0 imzalanan 1878 Berlin Antla\u015fmas\u0131yla S\u0131rbistan, Karada\u011f, Romanya, Bulgaristan\u2019\u0131 kaybetti.\u00a0 1881\u2019de Fransa Tunus\u2019u,\u00a0 1882\u2019de \u0130ngiltere M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131\u00a0 i\u015fgal etti. 1890\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda Basra K\u00f6rfezi Arap \u015eeyhlim ve Emirlikleri, \u0130ngiltere ile yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ikili antla\u015fmalarla Osmanl\u0131 Devletinden\u00a0 koptular. \u00a0II. Abd\u00fclhamid zaman\u0131ndaki bu kay\u0131plar, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun \u201c\u00c7evre\u201d topraklar\u0131ndaki \u00a0kay\u0131plard\u0131. Bu sebepten milletimize fazla dokunmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, kendisinin padi\u015fahl\u0131ktan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nelik 31 Mart 1909 \u0130htilali sonucu taht\u0131ndan 27 Nisan 1909\u2019da indirilince, Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011funu\u00a0 J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklere \u201cY\u00fckseli\u015f Devri\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda teslim etmi\u015fti. Bunlardan \u00f6zelikle, h\u00fck\u00fcmet olmalara a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 vuran\u00a0 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi (k\u0131saca \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar) yanl\u0131\u015f ve tecr\u00fcbesiz y\u00f6netimi sonucu, \u0130mparatorluk, bunlar\u0131n elinde 1918\u2019de y\u0131k\u0131lana\u00a0 kadar sava\u015fs\u0131z\u00a0 hi\u00e7bir y\u0131l ya\u015famad\u0131. II. Abd\u00fclhamid i\u015fba\u015f\u0131nda olmaya devam etse idi ne yap\u0131p yapar bunlar\u0131 engellerdi.\u00a0 1909 \u201c Arnavutluk\u00a0 \u0130syan\u0131\u201d, 1911- 1912 Osmanl\u0131 \u2013\u0130talyan Harbi, 1912 \u2013 1913 Balkan Harbi, 1914 \u2013 1918 I. D\u00fcnya Harbi sonunda\u00a0 ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck kay\u0131plar, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00a0\u00a0\u201cMerkez\u201d topraklar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00a0i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015f, Ba\u015fkent \u0130stanbul bile d\u00fc\u015fman i\u015fgaline u\u011fram\u0131\u015f, s\u0131n\u0131rlar \u201cKurulu\u015f Devri\u201d s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na \u00e7ekilmi\u015ftir ki,\u00a0 Milletimize en ac\u0131 gelen i\u015fte bu olmu\u015f, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lara bu sebepten y\u00fcklenilmi\u015f, bunlar\u0131n iktidar\u0131 II. Abd\u00fclhamid\u2019in d\u00f6nemi ile k\u0131yaslan\u0131rken bu d\u00f6nemde \u201cMerkez\u201d fazla zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden Sultan\u2019\u0131n y\u00f6netimi aran\u0131r olmu\u015f, onun hakk\u0131nda istimdatnameler bu sebepten yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

   \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ama, art\u0131k olan olmu\u015f, Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid ve y\u00f6netimini\u00a0 ba\u015fa getirmek\u00a0 \u00a0hi\u00e7 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan, \u00f6nemli olan, tarihte olup bitenlerden do\u011fru ve ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i dersler ve tecr\u00fcbeler \u00e7\u0131kararak, u\u011fursuz tarihin \u00fczerimizde tekerr\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

   D\u00d6RT \u015eA\u0130R VE YAZARDAN SULTAN II. ABD\u00dcLHAM\u0130D HAKKINDA TEESS\u00dcRNAME VE \u0130ST\u0130MDATNAMELER\u00a0 S\u00fcleyman KOCABA\u015e kocabassuleyman@gmail.com \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid, \u201cOsmanl\u0131 Devletinin \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f D\u00f6nemi\u201d denilen en buhranl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde 33 y\u0131l (1876- 1909) s\u00fcren padi\u015fahl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f, denilebilir ki, d\u0131\u015ftan ve i\u00e7ten sald\u0131r\u0131larla d\u00f6rt bir taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7at\u0131rdayan, buhranlar i\u00e7inde k\u0131vranan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu, usta politikas\u0131 ve diplomasisi ile uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015fatmay\u0131 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[61],"class_list":["post-253496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","","category-kose-yazilari","tag-kultur-sanat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253496"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253496\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=253496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.davutgulec.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=253496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}